Fig. 1From: PD-1/PD-L1 axis induced host immunosuppression via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway in piglets infected by Glaesserella ParasuisDetection of the cytokines expression and histopathological analysis of the piglet spleens in the control group and the infection group. The RNAs from PMNPs were extracted and reverse-transcribed into cDNA. The production of cytokines of IL-1β (Fig. 1A), IL-2 (Fig. 1B), IL-6 (Fig. 1C), IL-8 (Fig. 1D), IL-10 (Fig. 1E), IL-18 (Fig. 1F), TNF-α (Fig. 1G), and IFN-γ (Fig. 1H) at mRNA levels were determined by RT-PCR. Total proteins of spleen tissue were extracted and IL-1β (Fig. 1I and J), IL-18 (Fig. 1K and L), and TNF-α (Fig. 1M and N) expression at the protein level were measured by Western blot. O: the histopathological analysis of control group; P: the histopathological analysis of infection group of. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01*; *** p < 0.001Back to article page