Risk factor level | Number of sampled animals | Number testing positive | Percentage seropositivity | 95% CI | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | |||||
1–2 | 145 | 17 | 11.7 | 28.8–37.6 | 0.170 |
> 2–3 | 223 | 33 | 14.8 | 46.1–55.5 | |
> 3–4 | 55 | 11 | 20.0 | 9.7–16.0 | |
> 5 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 2.2–5.9 | |
Sex | |||||
Female | 405 | 59 | 14.6 | 89.3–9.4 | 0.160 |
Male | 34 | 2 | 5.9 | 5.6–10.7 | |
Species | |||||
Goat | 275 | 29 | 10.5 | 58.0-67.1 | 0.009 |
Sheep | 164 | 32 | 19.5 | 32.9–42.0 | |
Breed | |||||
Boerbok | 108 | 7 | 6.5 | 20.8–28.9 | 0.028 |
Dorper | 18 | 0 | 0 | 2.6–6.4 | |
Kalahari red | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.3–1.6 | |
Mixed | 291 | 53 | 18.2 | 61.7–70.6 | |
Polled Dorset | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0.1–1.8 | |
Saanen | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0.1–1.8 | |
White Dorper | 17 | 1 | 5.9 | 2.4–6.2 | |
Type of farm | |||||
Commercial | 83 | 9 | 10.8 | 15.5–22.9 | 0.372 |
Communal | 356 | 52 | 14.6 | 77.1–84.5 | |
District municipality | |||||
Bojanala Platinum | 77 | 4 | 5.2 | 14.3–21.4 | < 0.001 |
Dr Kennet Kaunda | 30 | 1 | 3.3 | 4.8–9.6 | |
Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati | 87 | 19 | 21.8 | 16.3–23.8 | |
Ngaka Modiri Molema | 245 | 37 | 15.1 | 51.1–60.4 | |
Local Municipality | |||||
Greater Taung | 31 | 1 | 3.2 | 5.0-9.9 | < 0.001 |
JB Marks | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1.6–4.8 | |
Kagisano-Molopo | 31 | 5 | 16.1 | 5.0-9.9 | |
Kgetlengrivier | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1.2–4.2 | |
Madibeng | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0.6- 3.0 | |
Mahikeng | 165 | 7 | 4.2 | 33.2–42.2 | |
Maquassi Hills | 18 | 1 | 5.6 | 2.6–6.4 | |
Moretele | 41 | 3 | 7.3 | 6.9–12.5 | |
Moses Kotane | 20 | 1 | 5.0 | 2.9–6.9 | |
Naledi | 25 | 13 | 52.0 | 3.8–8.3 | |
Ramotshere Moiloa | 22 | 9 | 40.9 | 3.3–7.5 | |
Ratlou | 58 | 21 | 36.2 | 10.3–16.7 | |
Presence of cats | |||||
Yes | 129 | 31 | 24.0 | 25.3–33.8 | < 0.001 |
No | 310 | 30 | 9.7 | 66.2–74.7 | |
Breeding | |||||
Natural | 422 | 60 | 14.2 | 93.9–97.6 | 0.330 |
Natural and AI | 17 | 1 | 5.9 | 2.4–6.2 | |
History of abortion | |||||
Aborted | 80 | 19 | 23.8 | 14.9–22.1 | 0.005 |
No history | 359 | 42 | 11.7 | 77.9–85.1 | |
Disposal of aborted material | |||||
Burn | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0.9–3.6 | 0.014 |
Burn or bury | 9 | 3 | 33.3 | 1.1–3.9 | |
Bury | 90 | 15 | 16.7 | 16.9–24.6 | |
Burn or hang on the tree | 64 | 11 | 17.2 | 11.6–18.2 | |
No history of abortion | 251 | 32 | 12.7 | 52.5–61.8 | |
Send to the state vet | 17 | 0 | 0 | 2.4–6.2 | |
Disposal of manure | |||||
Dispose | 59 | 8 | 13.6 | 10.6–16.9 | 0.027 |
Dispose in a hole and close | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1.2–4.2 | |
Do not dispose | 71 | 3 | 4.2 | 13.0-19.9 | |
Use as fertilizer for plants | 299 | 50 | 16.7 | 63.6–72.3 | |
Origin of animals | |||||
Auction | 112 | 7 | 6.3 | 21.6–29.8 | < 0.001 |
Local market | 174 | 28 | 16.1 | 35.2–44.3 | |
Local market and auction | 19 | 12 | 63.2 | 2.8–6.7 | |
Local market and own breed | 30 | 8 | 26.7 | 4.8–9.6 | |
Own breed | 104 | 6 | 5.8 | 19.9–27.9 | |
Source of water | |||||
Borehole | 261 | 41 | 15.7 | 54.8–63.9 | 0.067 |
Borehole and dam | 76 | 9 | 11.8 | 14.0-21.6 | |
Borehole and tap water | 26 | 0 | 0 | 4.1–8.6 | |
Borehole and river | 21 | 1 | 4.8 | 2.6–6.4 | |
Dam | 37 | 4 | 10.8 | 6.2–11.4 | |
Tap water | 21 | 6 | 28.6 | 3.1–7.2 | |
Feeding system | |||||
Free grazing | 101 | 17 | 16.8 | 19.3–27.2 | < 0.001 |
Free grazing and farm-fed | 130 | 3 | 2.3 | 25.5–34.1 | |
Free grazing and home-fed | 199 | 41 | 20.6 | 40.7–50.0 | |
Home fed | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1.1–3.9 | |
Feed storage | |||||
Not applicable | 91 | 17 | 18.7 | 17.2–24.8 | 0.309 |
Stored in a car garage | 28 | 5 | 18 | 4.4–9.1 | |
Stored in a designated room | 302 | 38 | 12.6 | 64.3–72.9 | |
Stored in a designated shack | 18 | 1 | 5.6 | 2.6–6.4 |