Fig. 5

Palmatine suppresses angiogenesis in CMTs and CnAoECs. A-C Fluorescent images and quantification of CD31 and α-SMA expression differences between treatment and control groups. Scale bar, 50 µm. Values are mean ± SD. ** p < 0.01 versus control by unpaired Student’s t-test. Con., control; Pal., palmatine. D, E CnAOECs grown in 6-well plates and scratched by 1000 μl tip. Then, CnAOECs cultured in fresh media containing various concentrations of palmatine for 24 h at 37ºC. Images showing CnAOECs migration after palmatine treatment in a dose-dependent manner and quantification of the number of migrated cells. Values are mean ± SD. * p < 0.05 versus untreated cells by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. F, G CnAOECs were seeded in matrigel-coated 6-well plates and incubated for 3 h at 37ºC. Images showing CnAOECs tube formation after palmatine treatment in a dose-dependent manner and quantification of the number of tubules. Values are mean ± SD. *** p < 0.001 versus untreated cells by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test