Fig. 2

Palmatine induces cell death of CMT-U27 cells. A Images showing morphological changes on CMT-U27 cells after palmatine-treatment. Magnification, 100 × . Scale bar, 50 µm. B, C Dose-dependent comparison of CMT-U27 cell proliferation and LDH activity. Values are mean ± SD. ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001 versus untreated cells by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. D Apoptosis in CMT-U27 cells was measured by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC staining. E Percentage of CMT-U27 cells in early, late apoptosis, necrosis, and total cell death when treated with palmatine by concentration. Values are mean ± SD. * p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001 versus untreated cells by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test