Main causes of death of free-ranging bats in Turin province (North-Western Italy): gross and histological findings and emergent virus surveillance

Table 2 PCR methods used for Coronavirus, Reovirus, Poxvirus, Rhabdovirus and Kobuvirus detection

Virus	PCR format	Primer	Sequence (5′→3′)	MRV specificity	References
Lyssavirus	RT-PCR	RabForPyro	AACACYYCTACAATGGA	n/a	[55]
		RabRevPyro 1	TCCAATTNGCACACATTTTGTG	n/a
		RabRevPyro 2	TCCARTTAGCGCACATYTTATG	n/a
		RabRevPyro 3	TCCAGTTGGCRCACATCTTRTG	n/a
Coronavirus	Two-step RT PCR	Chu11-F1	GGKTGGGAYTAYCCKAARTG	n/a	[56]
	Two-step RT PCR	Chu11-R1	TGYTGTSWRCARAAYTCRTG	n/a
	Nested PCR	Chu11-F2	GGTTGGGACTATCCTAAGTGTGA	n/a
	Nested PCR	Chu11-R2	CCATCATCAGATAGAATCATCAT	n/a
Mammalian orthoreovirus	RT-PCR	L1-rv5F	GCATCCATTGTAAATGACGAGTCTG	All types	[57, 58]
		L1-rv6R	CTTGAGATTAGCTCTAGCATCTTCTG	All types
		L1-rv7F	GCTAGGCCGATATCGGGAATGCAG	All types
		L1-rv8R	GTCTCACTATTCACCTTACCAGCAG	All types
		S1-R1F	GGAGCTCGACACAGCAAATA	Type 1
		S1-R1R	GATGATTGACCCCTTGTGC	Type 1
		S1-R2F	CTCCCGTCACGGTTAATTTG	Type 2
		S1-R2R	GATGAGTCGCCACTGTGC	Type 2
		S1-R3F	TGGGACAACTTGAGACAGGA	Type 3
		S1-R3R	CTGAAGTCCACCRTTTTGWA	Type 3
Poxvirus	PCR	LGC F	ACACCAAAAACTCATATAACTTCT	n/a	[59]
		LGC R	CCTATTTTACTCCTTAGTAAATGAT	n/a
		HGC F	CATCCCCAAGGAGACCAACGAG	n/a
		HGC R	TCCTCGTCGCCGTCGAAGTC	n/a
Rhabdovirus (Vaprio ledantevirus)	RT-PCR	IZSLER-VAPV F	TTGTTCCTCTGTTCAGCGGTC	n/a	[11]
Rhabdovirus (Vaprio ledantevirus)	RT-PCR	IZSLER-VV R	TCCGCCTAATTGTCCATTCC	n/a	[11]
Kobuvirus	Real Time RT-PCR	UNIV-Kobu F	TGGAYTACAAG(/R)TGTTTTGATGC	n/a	[60]
Kobuvirus	Real Time RT-PCR	UNIV-Kobu R	ATGTTGTTRATGATGGTGTTGA	n/a	[60]

Abbreviations: n/a not applicable; RT-PCR: reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Primers have been named according to original publications

ISSN: 1746-6148