Table 2 Plasma substance P concentration (PSPC) in the blood from the Vena jugularis (Jugular vein, BVJ) and Vena caudalis mediana (Tail vein, TV1 to TV 5) of 52 adult cows sampled for the evaluation of substance P concentrations in healthy German Simmental cattle. Blood samples were taken at 07:45 a.m. (BJV), 08:00 a.m (TV1), 02:00 p.m. (TV2), 08:00 p.m. (TV3), 02:00 a.m. (TV4), and 08:00 a.m. (TV5). Blood samples taken from the tail vein were missing for n = 2 in TV2, n = 4 in TV3, and n = 5 for TV 4 and TV5, respectively. Parameters are presented as mean with standard deviation (SD), and median. Ranges are given in brackets. PSPC between BJV and TV1 differed significantly (p < 0.01)

From: Evaluation of Substance P concentrations in the blood plasma of jugular and tail vein of healthy German Simmental cows