Table 1 General findings, findings of clinical examination according to Dirksen et al. (1979), and laboratory findings of selected blood parameters in 52 adult cows sampled for the evaluation of substance P concentrations in healthy German Simmental cattle. Parameters are presented as mean and standard deviation (SD). Ranges are given in brackets

General Findings

 Age in years

5.0 (3.4 – 9.1)

1.3

 Number of lactations

3.2 (2.0 – 7.0)

1.3

 Days post-partum

175.0 (117 – 239)

34.1

 Days pregnant

65.7 (39.0 – 166.0)

29.6

 Milk yield (kg/day)

37.5 (29.3 – 51.6)

4.9

Findings of Clinical Examination

 Temperature (°C)

38.4 (38.0 – 39.1)

0.3

 Heart Rate (beats/minute)

82.1 (68 – 100)

6.0

 Respiratory Rate (breaths/minute)

34.1 (20 – 48)

7.2

 Rumen Cycles (in 2 min)

2.3 (1 – 3)

0.7

Findings of Laboratory Analysis

 Leycocyte Count (4 – 10 × 10³/µl)

7.0 (4.0 – 12.7)

1.7

 Packed Cell Volume (30 – 36%)

32.4 (26.5 – 41.6)

3.1

 Hemoglobin (10 – 13 g/dl)

10.3 (8.3 – 13.6)

1.1

 Total Protein (40 – 80 g/l)

74.8 (67.0 – 83.6)

4.0

 Glutaraldehyde Test¹ (> 15 min)

15.9 (14 – 16)

0.4

 Beta Hydroxybutyrate (< 1.2 mmol/l)

0.62 (0.34 – 0.98)

0.16

 Non-Esterified Fatty Acids (< 0.39 mmol/l)

0.11 (0.03 – 0.30)

0.04

 Glutathione Peroxidase (> 250 U/gHb)

610.0 (368 – 828)

108.3

 ¹Glutaraldehyde Test is missing in 1 animal