Combined effects of dietary Laminaria digitata with alginate lyase on plasma metabolites and hepatic lipid, pigment and mineral composition of broilers

Table 2 Effect of experimental diets on plasma metabolites of broilers

Item	Control	LA	LAR	LAE	SEM	p-value
*Plasma metabolites*
Total lipids (mg/L)¹	3940^ab	3810^b	4100^a	4040^a	4.8	0.001
TAG (mg/L)	323^b	348^b	427^a	416^a	1.4	< 0.001
Total cholesterol (mg/L)	1060^a	980^b	1070^a	1060^a	2.4	0.037
HDL-cholesterol (mg/L)	824	774	793	783	1.6	0.157
LDL-cholesterol (mg/L)	173^a	143^b	170^a	171^a	0.6	0.004
VLDL-cholesterol (mg/L)²	64.6^b	69.6^b	85.4^a	83.2^a	0.28	< 0.001
Total cholesterol/HDL-C	1.28^b	1.27^b	1.35^a	1.36^a	0.012	< 0.001
Glucose (mg/L)	2390^b	2500^a	2470^a	2480^a	1.9	0.001
Urea (mg/L)	27.8^b	22.5^c	33.4^a	31.6^ab	0.12	< 0.001
Creatinine (mg/L)	< 0.010	< 0.010	< 0.010	< 0.010	–	–
Total protein (g/L)	22.3^b	21.3^b	24.7^a	24.9^a	0.03	< 0.001
Plasma hepatic markers
ALT (U/L)	1.40	1.00	1.00	1.13	0.128	0.079
AST (U/L)	436^a	209^b	207^b	184^b	10.7	< 0.001
ALP (U/L)	1548^b	1443^c	1590^b	2078^a	23.6	< 0.001
GGT (U/L)	16.9^c	28.4^b	20.3^c	34.0^a	0.96	< 0.001

The broilers were fed: 1) a corn-soybean basal diet (Control); 2) the basal diet plus 15% of L. digitata (LA); 3) the basal diet plus 15% of L. digitata supplemented with 0.005% of Rovabio® Excel AP (LAR); and 4) the basal diet plus 15% of L. digitata supplemented with 0.01% of recombinant CAZyme (LAE)
SEM standard error of the mean, TAG triacylglycerols, HDL high-density lipoproteins, LDL low-density lipoproteins, VLDL very low-density lipoproteins, ALT alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), AST aspartate aminotransferase (EC. 2.6.1.1), ALP alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), GGT gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.13)
¹Total lipids = [total cholesterol] × 1.12 + [TAG] × 1.33 + 148, as described by Covaci et al. [18]
²VLDL-cholesterol = 1/5 [TAG], as described by Friedewald et al. [19]
^a.b,cDifferent superscripts within a row indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05)

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