Fig. 4

Effects of rivoceranib on the apoptosis of canine solid tumour cell lines. The percentage of apoptotic cells was measured by flow cytometry. Total apoptotic cells were quantified using Annexin V (FITC) and propidium iodide (PI) dual staining. Annexin V⁺/PI⁻ cells were considered to reflect early apoptosis, and Annexin V⁺/PI⁺ cells were considered to reflect late apoptosis. The data represent the mean ± standard deviation obtained from three independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01