Fig. 4

LDA Effect Size of statistically different biomarkers in fecal.Non-parametric factorial Kruskal-Wallis (KW) Sum-Ranktest (non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and ranktest) was used to detect the species with significant difference in bacterial abundance in the feces of foals from different grain sources, and then the difference between groups was determined by group Wilcoxon rank sum test.Finally, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to reduce and evaluate the impact size of significantly different species (i.e., LDA Score). a Histogram of LDA value distribution, showing the biomarkers with statistical differences between groups with LDA Score greater than the set value of 4.The length of the bar chart represents the influence size of different species (i.e., LDA Score). The blue is the species with significant abundance difference in the oat group, the green is the species with significant abundance difference in the maize group, and the red barley group. b Evolutionary branching diagram under LEFSE analysis.In the figure, the circles radiating from the inside to the outside represent taxonomic levels from phylum to genus (or species).Each small circle at different taxonomic levels represents a taxon at that level, and the diameter of the small circle is proportional to the relative abundance.Coloring principle: no significant difference of species uniform color is yellow, differences between species Biomarker follow group staining, red nodes play an important role in the barley group of microbial groups, said green nodes play an important role in corn group of microbial groups, said the blue nodes play an important role in the oat group of microbial groups.)