Fig. 4From: Three-dimensional motion of the patella in French bulldogs with and without medial patellar luxation3D patellar motion at trot. a) sum between the patellar translation due to the rotation around the Z axis and the translation along the Y axis. b) sum between the patellar translation due to the rotation about the Y axis and the translation along the Z axis. c) sum between the patellar translation due to the rotation about the X axis and the translation along the Y axis. Renderings d, e, f based on scientific rotoscoping at selected time-points. d) maximal MPL after TO. e, f) Distal-proximal position of the patella at TD. Each curve represents the mean of the strides analyzed per dog (blue: dog 1, bright green: dog 2, magenta: dog 3, cyan: dog 4, red: dog 5, black: dog 6, dark green: dog 7). Vertical dotted lines indicate toe-off. Note that the patella is more distally placed in the dog with MPL. Black, dark green, and cyan lines correspond to dogs without patellar luxation. Red, magenta, and blue lines correspond to dogs with MPSL. The bright green line corresponds to the dog with MPPLBack to article page