Antimicrobial prescriptions in cats in Switzerland before and after the introduction of an online antimicrobial stewardship tool

Hubbuch, Alina; Schmitt, Kira; Lehner, Claudia; Hartnack, Sonja; Schuller, Simone; Schüpbach-Regula, Gertraud; Mevissen, Meike; Peter, Ruth; Müntener, Cedric; Naegeli, Hanspeter; Willi, Barbara

doi:10.1186/s12917-020-02447-8

Table 1 Characteristics of cases in 2016 and 2018 for cats with aURTD^a, FLUTD^b and abscesses

From: Antimicrobial prescriptions in cats in Switzerland before and after the introduction of an online antimicrobial stewardship tool

Parameter		aURTD^a		FLUTD^b		Abscesses
		2016	2018	2016	2018	2016	2018
Total number of cases		n = 227	n = 244	n = 333	n = 324	n = 216	n = 224
		% [CI]^c	% [CI]^c	% [CI]^c	% [CI]^c	% [CI]^c	% [CI]^c
Treatment location	University hospital	18.9 [14.1–24.7]	11.5 [7.8–16.2]	39.0 [33.8–44.5]	35.8 [30.6–41.3]	0.0^d	0.0^d
	Private practice	81.1 [75.3–85.9]	88.5 [83.8–92.2]	61.0 [55.5–66.2]	64.2 [58.7–69.4]	100.0^d	100.0^d
Sex	Female	43.6 [37.1–50.3]	39.8 [33.6–46.2]	42.0 [36.7–47.5]	40.7 [35.3–46.3]	29.6 [23.6–36.2]	31.3 [25.2–37.8]
	Male	53.3 [46.6–59.9]	55.3 [48.9–61.7]	57.4 [51.8–62.7]	57.1 [51.5–62.6]	68.5 [61.9–74.7]	65.6 [59.0–71.8]
	Unknown	3.1 [1.2–6.3]	4.9 [2.6–8.4]	0.6 [0.1–2.2]	2.2 [0.9–4.4]	1.9 [0.5–4.7]	3.1 [1.3–6.3]
Breed	Purebred	19.4 [14.5–25.1]	20.9 [16.0–26.5]	20.7 [16.5–25.5]	21.6 [17.2–26.5]	6.5 [3.6–10.6]	7.6 [4.5–11.9]
	Mixed breed	75.8 [69.7–81.2]	75.0 [69.1–80.3]	74.2 [69.1–78.8]	73.5 [68.3–78.2]	88.0 [82.9–92.0]	87.5 [82.4–91.5]
	Unknown	4.8 [2.4–8.5]	4.1 [2.0–7.4]	5.1 [3.0–8.0]	4.9 [2.8–7.9]	5.6 [2.9–9.5]	4.9 [2.5–8.6]
Pretreatment	Yes^e	9.3 [5.8–13.8]	8.2 [5.1–12.4]	8.1 [5.4–11.6]	8.6 [5.8–12.2]	3.2 [1.3–6.6]	2.7 [1.0–5.7]
	Unknown	2.6 [1.0–5.7]	2.0 [0.7–4.7]	2.4 [1.0–4.7]	1.2 [0.3–3.1]	0.9 [0.1–3.3]	0.4 [0.0–2.5]
Hospitalization	Yes^e	15.9 [11.4–21.3]	10.7 [7.1–15.2]	36.0 [30.9–41.4]	36.7 [31.5–42.2]	6.0 [3.2–10.1]	9.8 [6.3–14.5]
Indication for AMU^f	Yes	28.2 [22.4–34.5]	32.0 [26.2–38.2]	17.1 [13.2–21.6]	17.0 [13.1–21.5]	30.1 [24.1–36.7]	36.6 [30.3–43.3]
	No	52.9 [46.1–59.5]	37.7 [31.6–44.1]	31.8 [26.9–37.1]	33.6 [28.5–39.1]	30.6 [24.5–37.2]	21.0 [15.8–26.9]
	Unknown	18.9 [14.1–24.7]	30.3 [24.6–36.5]	51.1 [45.5–56.5]	49.4 [43.8–55.0]	39.4 [32.8–46.2]	42.4 [35.9–49.2]
Diagnostic work-up^g	Yes^e	11.9 [8.0–16.8]	8.2 [5.1–12.4]	52.3 [46.7–57.7]	56.8 [51.2–62.3]	NA^h	NA^h
Local wound treatment	Yes^e	NA^h	NA^h	NA^h	NA^h	72.2 [65.7–78.1]	81.3 [75.5–86.1]
	Unknown	NA^h	NA^h	NA^h	NA^h	5.6 [2.9–9.5]	5.8 [3.1–9.7]
Drainage	Yes^e	NA^h	NA^h	NA^h	NA^h	15.3 [10.8–20.8]	21.4 [16.2–27.4]

Non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals are shown in bold; Data from cases from 2016 has been published previously [45]; ^aaURTD, acute upper respiratory tract disease; ^bFLUTD, feline lower urinary tract disease; ^cCI, 95% confidence interval; ^dCases with abscesses were only recruited in private practices (see methods); ^eValues for the category “no” (reference group) are not shown; ^fAMU, antimicrobial use; ^gPCR for feline herpesvirus-1 and feline calicivirus in cases with aURTD; sediment analysis or culture of aseptically collected urine in cases with FLUTD; ^hNA, not applicable

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