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Fig. 1 | BMC Veterinary Research

Fig. 1

From: Proinflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharides up regulate MMP-3 and MMP-13 production in Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) chondrocytes: attenuation by anti-arthritic agents

Fig. 1

Proinflammatory cytokines upregulate the mRNA expression of MMP3 (a) and MMP13 (b) in ELACs. The chondrocytes were treated with individual proinflammatory cytokines as follows: IL-1β (2.5 ng/mL); IL-17A (5 ng/mL); and TNF-α (5 ng/mL), or their combination with OSM (2 ng/mL) or IL-17A (5 ng/mL), for 24 h. mRNA levels were assessed by real-time RT-PCR. Results are presented as mean ± SEM. * signifies statistical significance compared with control (*p < 0.05), whereas # signifies statistical significance in relation to single-cytokine treatment (#p < 0.05)

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BMC Veterinary Research

ISSN: 1746-6148

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