Table 1 Analytical methods used for determination of antibodies against the influenza A viruses
Measurement technique | Sensing element | Analyte | Determination in real samples | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
OSWV | Recombinants hemagglutinin from the avian influenza virus type H5N1 | Anti-hemagglutinin H5 monoclonal antibodies | Hen serum diluted 1:7 × 106 | [36] |
ELISA | HA50–274-H1N1 in E.coli | A/H1N1/2009 antibodies | Human serum diluted 1:200 in PBS | [41] |
ELISA | Influenza H1N1 X-53 antigenically identical to A/NewJersey/11/76 | Antibodies against influenza A/H1N1 | Swine serum diluted 1:2000 in 2% fish gelatin-tween-PBS | [42] |
ELISA | Influenza H5N1 A/Chicken/HongKong/YU22 antigen | Human H5 antibodies | Human serum diluted 1:1280 | [43] |
EIS | Peptide chains connecting amino acid sequence 98–106 (YPYDVPDYA) of HA | HA-antibody | Not determined | [44] |
ELISA | Influenza H5N1 A/Hong Kong/156/97 | Antibody to avian influenza A (H5N1) | Human serum diluted 1: 409600 | [45] |
Western blot assay | Recombinant HA protein from A/Hong Kong/156/97 | Antibody to avian influenza A (H5N1) | Human serum diluted 1: 100 | [45] |
Modified hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test | Horse erythrocytes and hemagglutinating units of virus type H7N7 | Antibodies against the avian influenza A (H7N7) virus | Human serum diluted 1: 640 | [46] |
EIS | Recombinants hemagglutinin from the avian influenza virus type H5N1 | Anti-hemagglutinin H5 monoclonal antibodies | Hen serum diluted 1:7 × 107 | [47] |
OSWV | Recombinant His-tagged HA subtype H1N1- monomer from the H1N1pdm09 influenza virus | Anti-hemagglutinin antibodies against the swine virus H1N1 | Mice sera diluted 1 × 109–1 × 108 | This work |