Fig. 3

Apoptosis induction by turmeric and rosemary extracts in C2, CMT-12, and D17 cell lines. Cells were incubated with the indicated treatments for 48 h and the induction of apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC and 7-AAD staining followed by flow cytometric analysis. Representative quadrant plots of the CMT-12 cell line treated with (a) DMSO, (b) 6.3 μg mL⁻¹ TE, (c) 6.3 μg mL⁻¹ RE, or (d) 3.1 μg mL⁻¹ TE + 3.1 μg mL⁻¹ RE are shown. Each quadrant represents the number of events considered live (lower left), early apoptotic (lower right), or late apoptotic/necrotic (upper right). e Percent early apoptotic cells (lower right quadrant of Annexin V positive and 7-AAD negative cells) are represented as mean ± standard deviation (three independent replicates). Within each cell line, means with different letters are significantly different from each other (p < 0.05)