Fig. 3

Time series of the daily Culicoides spp. catches and the basic reproduction number \(\mathcal {R}_{0}\) Culicoides were trapped (a) indoor and (b) outdoor, respectively. The vector-free period, i.e. days with less than five trapped specimen, are given in red. c The basic reproduction number are taken as indicator for a potential Bluetongue disease outbreak at the Vetmeduni Vienna (Austria). Days with no risk, i.e. \(\mathcal {R}_{0}<0\), are given in orange. Period: 2009–2013