Table 1 Factors associated with pig herd level African swine fever seropositivity of 144 pig herds in southwest Nigeria, 2013

State Location

   Lagos

4 (10)

27 (26)

Ref

   Ondo

4 (10)

16 (15)

1.7 (0.3; 10.3)

0.76

   Ekiti

4 (10)

13 (12.5)

2.1 (0.3; 12.9)

0.58

   Osun

5 (12.5)

19 (18)

1.8 (0.3; 10.1)

0.67

   Oyo

6 (15)

16 (15)

2.5 (0.5; 13.9)

0.34

   Ogun

17 (42.5)

13 (12.5)

8.8 (2.2; 41.8)

0.001

Total No. of pigs on farm

   Large holder farms (101 – 567)

7 (17.5)

19 (18)

Ref

   Medium holder farms (51 – 100)

8 (20)

30 (29)

0.7 (0.2; 2.8)

0.80

   Small holder farms (<= 50)

25 (62.5)

55 (53)

1.2 (0.4; 3.9)

0.88

Season

   Dry

21 (52.5)

18 (17)

5.3 (2.2; 12.7)

0.00

   Rainy

19 (47.5)

86 (83)

Having slaughter slabs within 1 km radius of the farm

   Yes

5 (12.5)

23 (22)

0.5 (0.1; 1.5)

0.28

   No

35 (87.5)

81 (78)

Having rubbish heap within 1 km radius of the farm

   Yes

29 (72.5)

64 (61.5)

1.6 (0.7; 4.1)

0.30

   No

11 (27.5)

40 (38.5)

Having a quarantine/isolation unit within 100 m radius of the regular pen

   Yes

13 (32.5)

13 (12.5)

3.3 (1.3; 8.9)

0.01

   No

27 (67.5)

91 (87.5)

Farm workers having designated working clothes

   Yes

28 (70)

85 (82)

0.5 (0.2; 1.3)

0.19

   No

12 (30)

19 (18)

Taking of shower/bath at work

   Yes

26 (65)

52 (50)

1.9 (0.8; 4.3)

0.15

   No

14 (35)

52 (50)

Lending out of service boars

   Yes

8 (20)

33 (32)

0.5 (0.2; 1.4)

0.23

   No

32 (80)

71 (68)

Daily cleaning of pen floor

   Yes

36 (90)

95 (91)

0.9 (0.2; 4.0)

1.00

   No

4 (10)

9 (19)

Daily disinfection of pen floor

   Yes

8 (20)

25 (24)

0.8 (0.3; 2.1)

0.78

   No

32 (80)

79 (76)

Daily cleaning of working utensils

   Yes

28 (70)

71 (68)

1.1 (0.4; 2.6)

1.00

   No

12 (30)

33 (32)

Daily disinfection of working utensils

   Yes

9 (22.5)

21 (20)

1.1 (0.4; 3.0)

0.92

   No

31 (77.5)

83 (80)

Snacking or eating while working

   Yes

10 (25)

19 (18)

1.5 (0.6; 3.8)

0.50

   No

30 (75)

85 (82)

Wearing of work clothes outside of farm

   Yes

8 (20)

15 (14)

1.5 (0.5; 4.2)

0.56

   No

32 (80)

89 (86)

Source of replacement stock

   External source

31 (62.5)

54 (52)

3.2 (1.3; 8.3)

0.01

   Internal source

9 (37.5)

50 (48)

Feeding of swill

   Yes

22 (55)

59 (57)

0.9 (0.4; 2.1)

1.00

   No

18 (45)

45 (43)

Having carcass disposal or burying site within 1 km radius of farm

   Yes

27 (67.5)

59 (57)

1.6 (0.7; 3.7)

0.32

   No

13 (32.5)

45 (43)

Presence of nearby pig farms (within 1 km radius)

   Yes

21 (52.5)

59 (57)

0.8 (0.4; 1.9)

0.79

   No

19 (47.5)

45 (43)

Sharing of farm workers among fellow farmers

   Yes

4 (10)

13 (12.5)

0.8 (0.2; 2.8)

0.93

   No

36 (90)

91 (87.5)

Sharing of working utensils among fellow farmers

   Yes

3 (7.5)

5 (5)

1.6 (0.2; 8.7)

0.78

   No

37 (92.5)

99 (95)

Farm workers having a designated work footwear

   Yes

27 (67.5)

77 (74)

0.7 (0.3; 1.8)

0.56

   No

13 (32.5)

27 (26)