Variable | Animals | Recurrence or distant metastases | Mean DFS time in months | Р* | Dead or euthanized dogs | Mean OS time in months | Р* | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | (± SE) | N | % | (± SE) | |||
Total | 85 | 100 | 26 | 30.6 | 5.3 (5.7) | 22 | 25.8 | 11.9 (7.6) | ||
Animal factors | ||||||||||
Weight (kg) | NS | NS | ||||||||
<10 | 27 | 31.8 | 7 | 25.9 | 19.6 (1.6) | 6 | 22.2 | 21.7 (1.2) | ||
10-23 | 39 | 45.9 | 11 | 28.2 | 18.3 (1.5) | 10 | 25.6 | 20.0 (1.2) | ||
>23 | 19 | 22.3 | 8 | 42.1 | 15.8 (2.2) | 6 | 31.6 | 19.2 (1.8) | ||
Spayed | NS | NS | ||||||||
No | 72 | 84.7 | 21 | 29.2 | 18.4 (1.1) | 17 | 23.6 | 20.7 (0.8) | ||
Yes | 13 | 15.3 | 5 | 38.5 | 16.8 (2.7) | 5 | 38.5 | 19.3 (1.9) | ||
Hormonal therapy b | NS | NS | ||||||||
No | 74 | 90.2 | 23 | 31.1 | 18.0 (1.1) | 19 | 25.7 | 20.5 (0.8) | ||
Yes | 8 | 9.8 | 2 | 25.0 | 19.5 (2.9) | 2 | 25.0 | 20.7 (2.4) | ||
Tumour factors | ||||||||||
Ulceration | NS | NS | ||||||||
No | 74 | 87.1 | 21 | 28.4 | 18.6 (1.0) | 17 | 23.0 | 21.0 (0.8) | ||
Yes | 11 | 12.9 | 5 | 45.5 | 14.6 (3.2) | 5 | 45.5 | 16.6 (2.8) | ||
Size | 0.027 | 0.016 | ||||||||
< 3 cm | 47 | 55.3 | 10 | 21.3 | 20.3 (1.1) | 8 | 17.0 | 22.1 (0.8) | ||
≥ 3 cm | 38 | 44.7 | 16 | 42.1 | 15.5 (1.7) | 14 | 36.8 | 18.3 (1.3) | ||
Necrosis | NS | NS | ||||||||
No | 25 | 29.4 | 7 | 28.0 | 18.3 (1.9) | 7 | 28.0 | 20.1 (1.5) | ||
Yes | 60 | 70.6 | 19 | 31.2 | 18.0 (1.2) | 15 | 25.0 | 20.5 (0.9) | ||
Squamous metaplasia | NS | NS | ||||||||
No | 62 | 72.9 | 19 | 30.1 | 18.1 (1.2) | 17 | 27.4 | 20.5 (0.9) | ||
Yes | 23 | 27.1 | 7 | 30.4 | 18.1 (1.9) | 5 | 21.7 | 20.4 (1.6) | ||
Mode of growth | 0.007 | 0.022 | ||||||||
Expansive | 24 | 28.2 | 2 | 8.3 | 22.6 (0.9) | 2 | 8.3 | 23.3 (0.7) | ||
Invasive | 61 | 71.8 | 24 | 39.3 | 16.4 (1.3) | 20 | 32.8 | 19.3 (0.9) | ||
Histological type | NS | 0.023 | ||||||||
Complex carcinomas | 20 | 23.5 | 4 | 20.0 | 20.7 (1.6) | 2 | 10.0 | 23.6 (0.3) | ||
Simple carcinomas | 51 | 60.0 | 15 | 29.4 | 18.5 (1.3) | 13 | 25.5 | 20.6 (0.9) | ||
Others | 14 | 16.5 | 7 | 50.0 | 13.1 (2.9) | 7 | 50.0 | 15.4 (2.4) | ||
Mitotic index | NS | NS | ||||||||
0-9/10hpf | 36 | 42.4 | 10 | 27.8 | 18.6 (1.5) | 9 | 25.0 | 20.9 (1.2) | ||
10-19/10hpf | 25 | 29.4 | 6 | 24.0 | 18.9 (1.8) | 4 | 16.0 | 21.2 (1.3) | ||
≥ 20/10hpf | 24 | 28.2 | 10 | 41.7 | 16.7 (1.9) | 9 | 37.5 | 19.1 (1.4) | ||
Histological grade | NS | 0.025 | ||||||||
I + II | 58 | 68.2 | 14 | 24.1 | 19.3 (1.1) | 11 | 19.0 | 21.8 (0.8) | ||
III | 27 | 31.8 | 12 | 44.4 | 15.5 (1.9) | 11 | 40.7 | 17.7 (1.6) | ||
RLN metastases a | 0.017 | 0.005 | ||||||||
No | 47 | 71.2 | 10 | 21.3 | 20.2 (1.1) | 8 | 17.0 | 22.2 (0.7) | ||
Yes | 19 | 28.8 | 9 | 47.4 | 14.6 (2.4) | 9 | 47.4 | 17.3 (2.1) | ||
Cancer cells | ||||||||||
MIB1 L.I. (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
< 40 | 47 | 55.3 | 7 | 14.9 | 21.1 (1.03) | 6 | 12.8 | 22.8 (0.7) | ||
≥ 40 | 38 | 44.7 | 19 | 50.0 | 14.4 (1.66) | 16 | 42.1 | 17.5 (1.4) | ||
TIMP-2 (%) | NS | NS | ||||||||
< 25 | 32 | 37.6 | 7 | 21.9 | 19.7 (1.5) | 5 | 15.6 | 21.6 (1.1) | ||
≥ 25 | 53 | 62.4 | 19 | 35.8 | 17.1 (1.3) | 17 | 32.1 | 19.7 (1.0) | ||
VEGF-A (%) | NS | NS | ||||||||
< 50 | 47 | 55.3 | 14 | 29.8 | 18.4 (1.3) | 10 | 21.3 | 21.1 (0.9) | ||
≥ 50 | 38 | 44.7 | 12 | 31.6 | 17.7 (1.5) | 12 | 31.6 | 19.7 (1.0) | ||
Stromal cells | ||||||||||
uPA (%) | 0.016 | 0.012 | ||||||||
< 10 | 25 | 29.4 | 3 | 12.0 | 21.9 (1.1) | 2 | 8.0 | 23.5 (0.4) | ||
≥ 10 | 60 | 70.6 | 23 | 38.3 | 16.5 (1.3) | 20 | 33.3 | 19.1 (1.0) | ||
MMP-9 (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
< 50 | 54 | 63.5 | 9 | 16.7 | 20.9 (0.9) | 8 | 14.8 | 22.5 (0.7) | ||
≥ 50 | 31 | 36.5 | 17 | 54.8 | 13.2 (1.9) | 14 | 45.2 | 16.7 (1.5) |