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Table 1 Cortisol, total protein and immunoglobulin concentrations of sows on gestation days −5, 24, 66 and 108

From: Effects of inadequate maternal dietary protein:carbohydrate ratios during pregnancy on offspring immunity in pigs

  

Time

 

P-values

 

Diet

GD − 5

GD24

GD66

GD108

SE

Diet

Time

Diet × Time

Cortisol

Adequate

64.8a

63.3a

86.8

95.8b

6.9

   

(nmol/L)

Low

51.4a

65.4a

72.4a

101.9A,b

6.4

0.009

< 0.001

0.249

 

High

52.5

50.0

62.3

73.9B

6.8

   

Total protein

Adequate

77.7

75.1

79.2

76.6A

1.3

   

(mg/mL)

Low

79.3a

75.1a

77.0a

68.8B,b

1.3

0.082

< 0.001

< 0.001

 

High

79.5

75.1a

80.4b

78.5A

1.4

   

IgG (mg/mL)

Adequate

15.9

12.9a

17.1b

14.4

0.8

   
 

Low

14.4

13.5a

17.7b

16.4

0.7

0.697

< 0.001

0.241

 

High

14.9

13.2a

17.6b

16.8

0.8

   

IgM (mg/mL)

Adequate

6.10

5.26a

7.70b

7.22

0.62

   
 

Low

6.42

6.10a

8.01b

7.54

0.58

0.519

< 0.001

0.481

 

High

6.44

6.89a

8.48b

7.98

0.64

   

IgA (mg/mL)

Adequate

1.15a

0.63b

0.83

1.03

0.12

   
 

Low

1.21a

0.85b

1.11

1.10

0.12

0.517

< 0.001

0.012

 

High

0.90

0.81

0.93

1.06

0.13

   
  1. GD, gestation day.
  2. Sows were fed diets with adequate (12.1%, n = 13), low (6.5%, n = 15) and high (30%, n = 14) protein levels throughout gestation.
  3. Data are expressed as least-squares means (LS-means) ± standard errors (SE).
  4. P values for effects of diet, time and diet × time interaction.
  5. A,BWithin parameter and time, LS-means with unlike capital superscript letters were significantly different between diets (P < 0.05; Tukey-Kramer test).
  6. a,bWithin a row, LS-means with unlike lower case superscript letters were significantly different between times (P < 0.05; Tukey-Kramer test).