Variable and level | n | Adjusted prev. (%) | 95% CI (%) | P-value* |
---|---|---|---|---|
All Animals | Â | Â | Â | Â |
State | Â | Â | Â | 0.496 |
  Adamawa | 1827 | 29.2 | 22.5-36.9 |  |
  Kaduna | 1870 | 23.3 | 18.9-28.3 |  |
  Kano | 1048 | 26.7 | 18.8-36.7 |  |
Management system | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
  Zero-grazing | 101 | 23.8ab | 6.8-59.2 |  |
  Commercial | 642 | 15.9a | 9.5-25.5 |  |
  Agro-pastoral | 2758 | 22.0a | 17.3-27.8 |  |
  Pastoral | 1244 | 45.1b | 38.6-51.9 |  |
Breed | Â | Â | Â | 0.392 |
  Bunaji | 3052 | 27.5 | 22.5-33.2 |  |
  Gudali | 863 | 26.3 | 22.1-31.1 |  |
  Bos taurus | 118 | 15.1 | 6.6-31.0 |  |
  B. taurus x B. indicus | 267 | 21.8 | 11.7-37.0 |  |
  Other B. indicus | 445 | 24.7 | 17.8-33.5 |  |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
  Males | 596 | 38.2a | 31.7-45.2 |  |
  Females | 4149 | 24.7b | 20.4-29.5 |  |
Age | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
  < 4 years | 559 | 13.5a | 8.9-19.9 |  |
  4 - 5 years | 2038 | 23.8b | 19.9-28.1 |  |
  5 - 7 years | 1312 | 29.8c | 22.6-38.2 |  |
  > 7 years | 804 | 35.0c | 28.5-42.3 |  |
Females Only | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Pregnancy status | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
  Pregnant | 1367 | 17.2a | 13.6-21.5 |  |
  Non-pregnant | 2835 | 27.8b | 22.9-33.5 |  |
Lactation status | Â | Â | Â | 0.635 |
  Lactating | 1819 | 25.3 | 20.7-30.5 |  |
  Non-lactating | 2386 | 23.2 | 19.3-29.9 |  |
Total | 4745 | 26.3 | 22.1-31.0 | Â |