Table 3 Blood biochemical parameters in ponies class A, Felin ponies and Polish Koniks compared with so far published reference intervals for various types of horses (according to ¹Rossdale & Partners, 2011 [5], ²Hinchcliff & Geor, 2013 [1], ³Latson 2005 [9], Henderson 2013 [10])

ALP [U/l]

185 ± 81

(92–756)^AB

149 ± 55

(72–281)^A

211 ± 46 (126–358)^B

0.036

0.327

0.104

0.424

AST [U/l]

384 ± 83 (228–648)^A

321 ± 50 (233–423)^B

395 ± 65 (221–536)^A

0.007

0.153

0.770

0.941

234 ± 163 (Clydesdales)² 172 ± 28 (Shire)²

189 ± 33²

234 ± 163 (Clydesdales)² 172 ± 28 (Shire)²

GGTP [U/l]

18, 15–21

(8–53)^A

20, 18–25 (14–48)^A

55, 45–82 (20–198)^B

< 0.001

0.059

0.055

< 0.001

24.2 ± 6.0 (Shire)²

11 ± 4.4²

24.2 ± 6.0 (Shire)²

CPK [U/l]

473, 381–587 (171–1233)^A

361, 277–408 (192–609)^B

599, 459–769 (306–1137)^A

0.001

0.037

0.855

0.059

56 ± 22 (Clydesdales)²

58 ± 12 (Shire)²

273 ± 136²

56 ± 22 (Clydesdales)²

58 ± 12 (Shire)²

TP [g/l]

66.8 ± 4.9 (56–75)

63.9 ± 5.6 (50–75)

66.1 ± 3.7 (57–75)

0.275

0.268

0.182

0.250

72 ± 6 (Clydesdales and Shire)²

66 ± 6²

72 ± 6 (Clydesdales and Shire)²

ALB [g/l]

35.6 ± 3.2 (26–41)^A

37.8 ± 2.6 (34–46)^B

36.1 ± 1.9 (32–41)^A

0.003

0.116

0.635

0.684

36 ± 5 (Clydesdales)²

28 ± 3 (Shire)²

36 ± 5 (Clydesdales)²

28 ± 3 (Shire)²

Urea [mmol/L]

7.0 ± 1.4

(3.8–10.2)

7.0 ± 1.1

(5.1–9.0)

8.2 ± 1.5

(3.8–13.0)

0.812

0.034

0.776

0.019

5.2 ± 1.14 (Clydesdales)²

8.5 ± 1.4²

5.2 ± 1.14 (Clydesdales)²

Creatinine [μmol/L]

95.8 ± 16.9 (46.8–130.0)

98.8 ± 16.3 (61.9–137.0)

77.6 ± 17.1 (47.7–116.7)

0.357

0.004

0.983

0.051

151 ± 26.5 (Clydesdales)²

88.4 ± 17.7²

151 ± 26.5 (Clydesdales)²

TBIL [μmol/L]

16.9 ± 5.3 (5.3–32.3)^A

20.6 ± 6.4 (11.1–37.6)^A

12.3 ± 4.6 (4.4–28.7)^B

0.001

< 0.001

0.216

0.015

TG [mmol/L]

0.30 ± 0.15 (0.1–0.8)^A

0.42 ± 0.20 (0.2–0.9)^B

0.33 ± 0.12 (0.2–0.6)^AB

0.029

0.504

0.002

−0.27 (−0.44, −0.10)

0.038

Glucose [mmol/L]

5.4 ± 0.9

(3.9–8.4)^A

5.1 ± 1.1

(3.6–9.1)^A

3.8 ± 0.9

(2.2–6.3)^B

< 0.001

0.270

0.809

0.138

4.21 ± 1.1 (Clydesdales)²

5.1 ± 0.7²

4.21 ± 1.1 (Clydesdales)²

Lactate [mmol/L]

1.1, 0.9–1.4 (0.1–2.7)^A

0.1, 0.1–0.1 (0.1–0.9)^B

0.1, 0.1–0.1 (0.1–2.6)^B

< 0.001

0.428

0.157

0.534

234 ± 163 (Clydesdales)² 172 ± 28 (Shire)²

189 ± 33²

234 ± 163 (Clydesdales)² 172 ± 28 (Shire)²