Table 6 Ethogram of behaviors indicating increased vigilance [4, 42]
From: The intensity of physiological and behavioral responses of horses to predator vocalizations
Behavior | Description |
|---|---|
Head oriented towards the source of the sound | Horse standing with weight resting on four limbs; head, ears and eyes oriented towards the stimulus |
Elevated neck | Neck raised over 45 degrees; head scanning the surroundings |
Elevated tail | Fleshy part of tail outstretched horizontally or elevated above horizontal |
Alarm snort | Short powerful exhalations from nostrils |