Table 12 Types of diagnostic tests used in paratuberculosis control programs in 2012–2018 in each type of livestock. Data are the number of countries among the 22 countries with control programs, sorted by frequency of test
From: Control of paratuberculosis: who, why and how. A review of 48 countries
Test | Cattle - dairy | Cattle - beef | Sheep | Goats | Camelids | Deer - farmed | Other | Not used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Serum ELISA | 17 | 17 | 9 | 10 | 1 | 3 | Â | 3 |
Faecal PCR - individual | 18 | 17 | 13 | 12 | 6 | 9 | 3 | 4 |
Faecal culture - individual | 13 | 13 | 9 | 9 | 6 | 9 | 3 | 5 |
Pathology | 16 | 15 | 13 | 14 | 8 | 11 | 3 | 6 |
Faecal PCR - pooled | 12 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 3 | Â | 10 |
Milk ELISA - individuals | 10 | Â | 1 | 2 | Â | Â | Â | 11 |
Faecal culture - pooled | 8 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | Â | 12 |
Milk ELISA - bulk milk | 6 | Â | Â | 1 | Â | Â | Â | 15 |
Environmental faecal test - culture or PCR | 6 | 2 | 1 | 2 | Â | Â | Â | 16 |
Complement fixation test | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 17 |
Faecal ZN smear | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 18 |
Other | 1 | Â | Â | 1 | Â | Â | Â | 20 |
Intradermal skin test | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Â | Â | Â | 21 |
Serum AGID | Â | Â | Â | 1 | Â | Â | Â | 21 |