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Table 1 Proximal composition and essential amino acid profile of the different aqua feed ingredients

From: Long-term feeding with high plant protein based diets in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, L.) leads to changes in the inflammatory and immune related gene expression at intestinal level

 

Fishmeal

Wheat meal

Wheat gluten

Broad Bean meal

Soybean meal

Pea meal

Sunflower meal

Squid meal

Krill meal

Proximate composition (% dry weight)

 Dry matter

90.3

87.8

93.3

89.0

88.1

86.6

89.6

88.0

88.8

 Ash

16.8

1.6

0.9

3.0

7.1

3.4

6.7

9.1

10.4

 Crude lipid

9.3

1.8

0.9

1.1

2.2

0.8

1.5

15.1

22.5

 Crude fiber

0.1

2.8

0.4

9.1

3.6

6.2

18.7

0.9

4.0*

 Non-starch polyssaccharides

2.6

23.8

17.2

33.3

32.4

29.9

50.1

4.7

11.0

 Crude protein

71.3

11.4

81.0

21.1

49.9

18.7

35.7

71.1

56.1

Essential amino acids (g 100 g− 1 dry matter)

 Arginine

5.86

0.38

2.57

1.99

3.66

1.76

3.33

5.90

4.14

 Histidine

2.54

0.26

1.45

0.74

1.42

0.58

1.14

1.85

1.26

 Isoleucine

3.40

0.36

3.01

1.03

2.33

0.98

1.56

2.28

3.19

 Leucine

6.55

0.80

5.79

2.04

4.22

1.78

2.48

4.16

4.67

 Lysine

6.01

0.37

1.21

1.92

3.45

1.92

1.39

3.85

3.77

 Methionine

2.30

0.22

0.88

0.31

0.92

0.36

1.00

1.76

1.66

 Phenylalanine

3.73

0.49

4.31

1.10

2.60

1.11

1.86

2.14

2.97

 Threonine

3.55

0.30

1.95

0.94

1.98

0.86

1.52

2.19

2.74

 Valine

3.88

0.47

3.26

1.13

2.30

1.06

1.73

2.70

3.12

  1. *4% of chitin
  2. Origin and price of the different ingredients (ingredient, origin, price in € kg ingredient−1): FM, Vicens i Batllori S. L. (Girona, Spain), 1.51; WM, Desco S. L. (Museros, Spain), 0.15; WG, Ercros S. A. (Barcelona, Spain), 0.76; BBM, Desco S. L. (Museros, Spain), 0.27; SBM, Desco S. L. (Museros, Spain), 0.31; PM, Desco S. L. (Museros, Spain), 0.23; SFM, Desco S. L. (Museros, Spain), 0.17; SM, Max Nollert (Utrecht, Netherlands), 4.28; KM, Ludan Renewable Energy (Valencia, Spain), 0.25