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Table 1 Estimated ratios along and coefficients with p-values of the fixed effects on factors associated with animal MAP-ELISA results from individual milk sample in 691 herds and 45,652 cows (tested ones) from four states in the north of USA

From: Identifying individual animal factors associated with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) milk ELISA positivity in dairy cattle in the Midwest region of the United States

Variables

N

Positive (%)

Univariable analysis

Multivariable analysis

 

p-value*

odds ratio (CI95%)

β

S.E.

odds ratio (CI95%)

p-value*

Age (years)

  

< 0.001

    

< 0.001

1.25 to ≤4

26,152

3.5%

–

–

–

–

–

–

> 4 to ≤8

18,384

6.7%

< 0.001

2.20 (1.99–2.43)

0.724

0.053

1.99 (1.81–2.19)

< 0.001

> 8 to 15.29

1115

7.1%

< 0.001

2.43 (1.86–3.17)

0.728

0.137

1.98 (1.55–2.54)

< 0.001

Somatic cell count (×1000/ml)

  

< 0.001

    

< 0.001

1.0 to ≤ .4

11,711

3.2%

–

–

–

–

–

–

> 14 to ≤26

11,630

3.9%

0.05

1.15 (0.99–1.34)

0.058

0.078

1.05 (0.91–1.21)

0.45

> 26 to ≤39

10,622

5.3%

< 0.001

1.65 (1.43–1.91)

0.272

0.078

1.36 (1.18–1.56)

< 0.001

> 39 to 97

11,447

7.2%

< 0.001

2.33 (2.03–2.68)

0.467

0.077

1.66 (1.44–1.90)

< 0.001

Number of lactation

  

< 0.001

     

0 to ≤1

14,072

3.3%

–

–

    

> 1 to ≤2

15,521

4.4%

< 0.001

1.68 (1.47–1.92)

    

> 2 to ≤3

8681

6.0%

< 0.001

2.36 (2.05–2.73)

    

> 3 to 11

7378

7.4%

< 0.001

2.99 (2.58–3.46)

    

Milk production (pounds)

  

< 0.001

    

< 0.001

0 to ≤52

12,220

7.7%

–

–

–

–

–

–

> 52 to ≤68

11,384

4.4%

< 0.001

0.53 (0.47–0.61)

− 0.507

0.066

0.66 (0.59–0.75)

< 0.001

> 68 to ≤86

11,465

3.7%

< 0.001

0.44 (0.38–0.51)

− 0.722

0.076

0.56 (0.49–0.65)

< 0.001

> 86 to 192

10,524

3.3%

< 0.001

0.35 (0.30–0.42)

−1.110

0.093

0.43 (0.36–0.51)

< 0.001

Milk fat (%)

  

0.03

     

0 to ≤3.5

12,549

4.4%

–

–

    

> 3.5 to ≤3.9

9903

4.5%

0.89

1.00 (0.88–1.15)

    

> 3.9 to ≤4.5

12,657

4.7%

0.98

1.00 (0.87–1.13)

    

> 4.5 to 9.9

10,543

5.9%

0.01

1.17 (1.03–1.34)

    

Milk protein (%)

  

0.001

    

< 0.001

0 to ≤3.0

12,418

4.9%

–

–

–

–

–

–

> 3.0 to ≤3.3

13,952

4.1%

0.008

0.84 (0.73–0.95)

−0.262

0.072

0.76 (0.67–0.87)

< 0.001

> 3.3 to ≤3.5

8224

5.0%

0.61

0.96 (0.83–1.11)

− 0.261

0.083

0.74 (0.64–0.85)

0.001

> 3.5 to 7.4

11,058

5.7%

0.28

1.07 (0.93–1.23)

−0.380

0.083

0.67 (0.58–0.77)

< 0.001

Milk urea nitrogen (mg/dl)

  

0.17

     

0 to ≤5

12,076

4.7%

–

–

    

> 5 to ≤11

14,833

5.0%

0.77

1.02 (0.87–1.19)

    

> 11 to ≤13

8087

5.0%

0.52

1.05 (0.88–1.26)

    

> 13 to 81

10,656

4.7%

0.26

0.90 (0.76–1.07)

    

Previous-305-d mature equivalent (305ME)(Kg)

  

< 0.001

     

0 to ≤21,120

11,687

6.6%

–

–

    

> 21,120 to ≤25,690

11,540

5.1%

< 0.001

0.69 (0.60–0.79)

    

> 25,690 to ≤29,550

11,253

4.3%

< 0.001

0.55 (0.47–0.64)

    

> 29,550 to 46,720

11,171

3.3%

< 0.001

0.42 (0.35–0.50)

    

305-d mature equivalent (305ME)(Kg)

  

< 0.001

     

0 to ≤20,220

11,718

6.8%

–

–

    

> 20,220 to ≤25,370

11,485

5.1%

< 0.001

0.65 (0.57–0.74)

    

> 25,370 to ≤29,400

11,256

4.2%

< 0.001

0.53 (0.46–0.62)

    

> 29,400 to 46,720

11,192

3.2%

< 0.001

0.39 (0.33–0.46)

    

Lactation persistence (%)

  

< 0.001

     

1 to ≤100

14,022

6.1%

–

–

    

> 100 to ≤108

9976

5.0%

< 0.001

0.79 (0.70–0.90)

    

> 108 to ≤116

11,286

4.0%

< 0.001

0.60 (0.52–0.69)

    

> 116 to ≤225

10,368

4.0%

< 0.001

0.58 (0.51–0.67)

    

Days in milk

  

< 0.001

    

< 0.001

< 30

3658

6.4%

–

–

–

–

–

–

−31-60

3280

5.3%

0.39

0.90 (0.72–1.13)

0.007

0.120

1.00 (0.79–1.27)

0.94

61–90

1950

3.1%

< 0.001

0.49 (0.35–0.68)

−0.580

0.169

0.55 (0.40–0.78)

< 0.001

91–120

1604

4.5%

0.01

0.67 (0.48–0.92)

−0.283

0.167

0.75 (0.54–1.04)

0.08

121–150

1351

4.3%

0.01

0.63 (0.45–0.89)

−0.403

0.180

0.66 (0.46–0.95)

0.02

151–180

1224

5.6%

0.07

0.74 (0.53–1.03)

−0.243

0.173

0.78 (0.55–1.10)

0.16

181–210

1862

5.0%

0.22

0.83 (0.62–1.11)

−0.152

0.154

0.85 (0.63–1.16)

0.32

211–240

3336

3.6%

< 0.001

0.61 (0.46–0.80)

−0.513

0.143

0.59 (0.45–0.79)

< 0.001

241–270

6743

3.6%

< 0.001

0.57 (0.45–0.73)

−0.615

0.124

0.54 (0.42–0.69)

< 0.001

271–300

6498

4.6%

0.001

0.68 (0.54–0.85)

−0.558

0.124

0.57 (0.44–0.72)

< 0.001

> 301

14,146

5.7%

0.12

0.85 (0.69–1.04)

−0.557

0.116

0.57 (0.45–0.71)

< 0.001

Season of cow’s birth

  

0.07

     

Winter (Dec-Feb)

12,339

5.3%

–

–

    

Spring (Mar-May)

11,100

5.0%

0.16

0.91 (0.80–1.03)

    

Summer (Jun-Aug)

12,134

4.5%

0.01

0.84 (0.74–0.96)

    

Fall (Sep-Nov)

10,079

4.7%

0.05

0.88 (0.77–1.00)

    
  1. *p-values from the Likelihood-ratio test