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Table 2 Measured and calculated values obtained from healthy impala (Aepyceros melampus) undergoing immobilisation and general anaesthesia using two different drug protocols

From: Blood acid-base status in impala (Aepyceros melampus) immobilised and maintained under total intravenous anaesthesia using two different drug protocols

Variable

Unit

Time 1

Time 2

P value

P-TMP

P-EME

P-TMP

P-EME

 

Mean

±SD

Mean

±SD

Mean

±SD

Mean

±SD

 

Times to sampling (from dart placement until sampling)

 Times to sampling

min

16.8

±7.0

19.2

±5.6

150.4

±5.7

151.8

±6.3

 

 T-test P value

 

P = 0.442

P = 0.613

 

Basic clinical parameters at time of sampling

 

 Heart rate

Beats/min

122

±40

79

±37

57

±9

59

±11

<0.001

 Resp rate

Breaths/min

9

±5

9

±2

10

±2

10

±2

0.316

 MAP

mmHg

126

±14

117

±18

102

±12

90

±19

0.001

 Temperature

°C

38.9

±0.4

39.3

±0.2

37.0

±0.2

37.0

±0.2

<0.001

Arterial blood acid base analysis

 

 pH

N/A

7.36

±0.04

7.38

±0.04

7.31

±0.02

7.30

±0.05

0.001

 HCO3 −

mEq/L

29.0

±2.7

30.1

±2.9

36.0

±5.9

35.9

±1.5

<0.001

mmol/L

29.0

±2.7

30.1

±2.9

36.0

±5.9

35.9

±1.5

 BE

mEq/L

3.6

±2.4

4.9

±3.1

9.8

±6.1

9.5

±1.5

<0.001

mmol/L

3.6

±2.4

4.9

±3.1

9.8

±6.1

9.5

±1.5

 Lactate

mEq/L

3.0

±1.6

2.9

±1.4

0.3

±0.0

0.3

±0.0

<0.001

mmol/L

3.0

±1.6

2.9

±1.4

0.3

±0.0

0.3

±0.0

Electrolytes

 

 Na+

mEq/L

145.8

±1.3

146.9

±2.3

146.4

±2.4

148.2

±2.4

0.170

mmol/L

145.8

±1.3

146.9

±2.3

146.4

±2.4

148.2

±2.4

 K+

mEq/L

4.2

±0.2

4.1

±0.4

3.6

±0.1

3.6

±0.3

<0.001

mmol/L

4.2

±0.2

4.1

±0.4

3.6

±0.1

3.6

±0.3

 Ca++

mEq/L

1.1

±0.1

1.1

±0.1

1.1

±0.1

1.1

±0.1

0.307

mmol/L

0.55

±0.05

0.55

±0.05

0.55

±0.05

0.55

±0.05

 Cl−

mEq/L

107.4

±3.1

106.6

±2.8

103.9

±2.6

106.3

±2.4

0.046

mmol/L

107.4

±3.1

106.6

±2.8

103.9

±2.6

106.3

±2.4

 P−

mEq/L

2.2

±0.4

2.2

±0.5

2.0

±0.5

2.2

±0.5

0.606

mmol/L

2.2

±0.4

2.2

±0.5

2.0

±0.5

2.2

±0.5

Proteins

 Albumin

g/dL

4.4

±0.3

4.2

±0.3

3.6

±0.2

3.7

±0.1

<0.001

 Globulin

g/dL

1.8

±0.3

1.6

±0.3

1.5

±0.3

1.4

±0.2

0.003

 Haematocrit

L/L

0.29

±0.03

0.28

±0.03

0.18

±0.02

0.20

±0.03

<0.001

 Haemoglobin

g/dL

9.98

±0.86

9.42

±1.22

6.12

±0.72

6.72

±0.88

<0.001

Independent variables affecting pH

 PaCO2

mmHg

51.5

±8.6

51.2

±6.7

71.4

±15.6

73.8

±9.1

<0.001

 SIDa

mEq/L

40.7

±1.9

42.7

±2.7

47.0

±4.3

46.2

±1.4

<0.001

mmol/L

40.1

±1.9

42.1

±2.7

46.4

±4.3

45.7

±1.6

 SIDe

mEq/L

34.1

±3.0

35.1

±3.6

40.4

±6.0

40.8

±2.0

<0.001

mmol/L

34.1

±3.0

35.1

±3.6

40.4

±6.0

40.8

±2.0

 SIG

mEq/L

6.6

±3.3

7.5

±1.8

6.5

±3.2

5.5

±2.2

0.243

mmol/L

6.0

±3.2

7.0

±1.4

6.0

±3.2

5.0

±2.2

 AG

mEq/L

13.5

±4.0

14.3

±2.1

10.2

±2.8

9.5

±1.7

<0.001

mmol/L

13.5

±4.0

14.3

±2.1

10.2

±2.8

9.5

±1.7

 Atot

mmol/L

16.4

±1.2

15.7

±1.2

13.8

±1.1

14.3

±1.0

<0.001

  1. Time1: sampling prior to maintenance of general anaesthesia; Time 2: sampling 1 min prior to ending general anaesthesia; P-TMP protocol using thiafentanil-medetomidine immobilisation and propofol-ketamine-medetomidine infusion for general anaesthesia maintenance, P-EME protocol using etorphine-medetomidine immobilisation and etorphine-ketamine-medetomidine infusion for general anaesthesia, P value level of significance estimated over time, min minute, Resp rate respiratory rate, MAP direct mean arterial blood pressure, HCO 3 − bicarbonate ion, BE base excess, Na + sodium ion, K + potassium ion, Ca ++ calcium ion, Cl − chloride ion, P − phosphorus ion, PaCO 2 arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, SIDa apparent strong ion difference, SIDe effective strong ion difference, SIG strong ion gap, AG anion gap Atot total weak acids in plasma, mmHg millimetres mercury, g/dL grams per decilitre, mEq/L milliequivilent per litre, mg/dL milligrams per decilitre, mmol/L millimoles per litre