Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and dose assessment of Cefquinome against Escherichia coli in black swans (Cygnus atratus)

Table 1 Mean ± SD values of the pharmacokinetic parameters of cefquinome in black swans after IV and IM administration at a dose of 2 mg/kg BW

Parameter	Unit	IV	IM
Ka	1/h	—	5.64 ± 3.07
A	μg/mL	10.7 ± 4.97	—
α	1/h	2.27 ± 0.23	—
Kel	1/h	—	0.43 ± 0.03
B	μg/mL	4.20 ± 1.91	—
β	1/h	0.42 ± 0.09	—
V_ss	L/kg	0.32 ± 0.17	—
T_1/2Ka	h	—	0.12 ± 0.04
T_1/2α	h	0.31 ± 0.03	—
T_1/2Ke	h	—	1.62 ± 0.11
T_1/2β	h	1.69 ± 0.85	—
T_max	h	—	0.39 ± 0.19
C_max	μg/mL	—	5.71 ± 1.43
AUC	μg·h/mL	16.5 ± 4.92	12.17 ± 4.32
Cl_B	L/kg·h	0.13 ± 0.04	—
F	%	—	74.2 ± 26.3

A, zero-time intercept of the distribution slope in the compartment model; B, zero-time inter of decline in plasma concentration of drug; α, distribution rate constant; β, elimination constant; Ke, constant of elimination rate; Ka, constant of absorption rate; T_1/2Kel, elimination half-life; T_1/2α, the distribution half-life; T_1/2β, the half-life of elimination; T_1/2Ka, absorption half-life; V_ss, the apparent steady-state volume of distribution; Cl_B, total body clearance; AUC, total area under the concentration–time curve from zero to infinity; T_max, time to C_max from time zero; C_max, peak plasma concentration; F, bioavailability