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Table 5 Retention time (h) of the inside temperature in the recommended temperature range (cool storage conditions 2 °C – 25 °C and cold storage conditions 2 °C – 8 °C) in the insulated boxes X and Y for thermal summer and winter conditions with an ambient temperature of Θ A  = 30 °C and Θ A  = 30 °C, respectively

From: How to transport veterinary drugs in insulated boxes to avoid thermal damage by heating or freezing

Box X

No of additional 1000 mL water bottles

0

1

2

4

6

10

14

15

20

24

Heat capacity of the additional water bottles c w (kJ K−1)

0.0

4.2

8.4

16.7

25.1

41.8

58.5

62.7

83.6

100.3

Entire heat capacity c (kJ K−1)

2.3

6.5

10.6

19.0

27.4

44.1

60.8

65.0

85.9

102.6

Filling degree F (%)

2

6

9

17

24

39

54

58

76

91

Thermal constant γ (h−1)

0.6184

0.2183

0.1325

0.0742

0.0515

0.0320

0.0232

0.0217

0.0164

0.0137

 

Retention time of the inside temperature in the recommended range (h)

Winter cool 2 °C – 25 °C

1.7

4.9

8.1

14.4

20.8

33.5

46.2

49.3

65.2

77.9

Winter cold 2 °C – 8 °C

0.7

1.9

3.1

5.5

7.9

12.7

17.5

18.7

24.7

29.5

Summer cool 2 °C – 25 °C

2.8

7.9

13.0

23.2

33.4

53.9

74.3

79.4

104.9

125.4

Summer cold 2 °C – 8 °C

0.4

1.1

1.8

3.2

4.7

7.5

10.4

11.1

14.7

17.5

Box Y

 No of additional 1000 mL water bottles

0

1

2

4

6

10

20

30

40

49

 Heat capacity of the additional water bottles c w (kJ K−1)

0.0

4.2

8.4

16.7

25.1

41.8

83.6

125.4

167.2

204.8

 Entire heat capacity c (kJ K−1)

2.3

6.5

10.6

19.0

27.4

44.1

85.9

127.7

169.5

207.1

 Filling degree F (%)

1

3

5

9

13

21

41

61

81

99

 Thermal constant γ (h−1)

0.9277

0.3274

0.1988

0.1113

0.0773

0.0480

0.0246

0.0166

0.0125

0.0102

 

Retention time of the inside temperature in the recommended range (h)

 Winter cool 2 °C – 25 °C

1.2

3.3

5.4

9.6

13.8

22.3

43.5

64.6

85.8

104.8

 Winter cold 2 °C – 8 °C

0.4

1.2

2.0

3.6

5.2

8.5

16.5

24.5

32.5

39.7

 Summer cool 2 °C – 25 °C

1.9

5.3

8.7

15.5

22.3

35.9

70.0

104.0

138.0

168.7

 Summer cold 2 °C – 8 °C

0.3

0.7

1.2

2.2

3.1

5.0

9.8

14.6

19.3

23.6

  1. The drugs and the water bottles were preconditioned for summer and winter conditions at a temperature at the lower (2 °C) and upper (8 °C or 25 °C) limit of the recommended temperature range. Values below a retention time of 12 h were marked in bold