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Fig. 2 | BMC Veterinary Research

Fig. 2

From: Infectious keratoconjunctivitis in wild Caprinae: merging field observations and molecular analyses sheds light on factors shaping outbreak dynamics

Fig. 2

Outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) in the French Pyrenees. a Distribution of Pyrenean chamois (brown surfaces) in the Pyrenees National Park (PNP, within the solid red line) and adjacent areas, and spatio-temporal progression of the IKC outbreak in 2005–2007 (colored arrows). Colors correspond to defined time periods. The outbreak started in 2005 in Larboust (green star), subsequently followed the mountain range along the border between France and Spain, and spread into the perpendicular French and Spanish valleys. The epidemic front reached the PNP in the summer of 2006 and the sectors of Cauterets (black square) in the summer of 2007 and came to a stop in Spain in 2008. b–d Close-ups of the two zones of Cauterets, which are separated by the Gaube valley (thick white line). b Spatio-temporal spread of the outbreak (arrows). Colored surfaces represent the areas occupied by the different groups of female Pyrenean chamois. The eastern zone was affected first (purple arrows, yellow surfaces) but the outbreak simultaneously progressed along the mountain range and reached the herds of the western zone grazing near the boundary (purple arrows, orange surfaces with yellow border). These herds brought the disease to their winter pastures in the western zone (thin orange arrows, orange surfaces with black border), transmitting the disease to other groups in this area (dark red surfaces). c White diamonds represent the observed chamois affected by IKC although not sampled. Black diamonds are chamois tested for Mycoplasma conjunctivae by PCR. d Geographical origin of the sequenced positive samples and location of the chamois herds (colored surfaces, see also b) west and east from the Gaube valley. The three detected strains are represented by: Diamonds = PYR_07-08a; Stars = PYR_07b; Reversed triangles = PYR_07-08c. The colored border around these symbols corresponds to different time periods based on the same color code as for the arrows in a and b

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