Table 2 Description of 12 studies evaluating control strategies of CWD in wild deer in North America
Author and year of publication | Study location | Data collection period | Target population | Sex or age-specific analyses | Study design | Intervention | Outcome evaluated | Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Predictive modeling studies | ||||||||
Gross and Miller, 2001, J Wildl Manage [20] | Colorado | NA | Mule deer | Sex (m/f)- and age-specific | Stochastic and agent-based predictive model | Selective culling and varying transmission rates (method undefined) | Change in CWD prevalence Change in wild deer population size Cost not evaluated | Control measures effective in some scenarios |
Wasserberg et al., 2009, J Appl Ecol [21] | Wisconsin | NA | White-tailed deer | Sex (m/f)- and age-specific | Multi-state non-spatial deterministic predictive matrix model | Recreational harvest and additional population reduction for disease management | Change in CWD prevalence Change in wild deer population size Cost not evaluated | Control measures effective in some scenarios |
Wild et al., 2011, J Wildl Dis [22] | National Park Service, Coloradoa | NA | Not specified, wild deer | No | Deterministic predictive modeling using differential equations | Role of large predators [wolves] in disease control | Change in CWD prevalence Change in wild deer population size Cost not evaluated | Control measures effective in some scenarios |
Potapov et al., 2012, Proc R Soc B [23] | University of Alberta, Albertaa | NA | White-tailed deer | Age-specific (adults only) | Deterministic, stock-and-flow predictive modeling | Increased overall hunting pressure with and without combination of vaccination | Change in CWD prevalence Change in wild deer population size Cost not evaluated | Control measures effective in some scenarios |
Jennelle et al., 2014, PLOS One [24] | Wisconsin | NA | White-tailed deer | Sex (m/f)- and age-specific | Deterministic, compartmental predictive modeling | Increased overall hunting pressure; increased hunting pressure on targeted sex group | Change in CWD prevalence Extent of geographic spread of CWD Change in wild deer population size Cost not evaluated | Control measures effective in some scenarios |
Oraby et al., 2014, J Theor Biol [25] | University of Ottawa, Ontarioa | NA | Not specified, wild deer | No | Deterministic, stock-and-flow predictive modeling | Seasonal hunting | Change in CWD prevalence Change in wild deer population size Cost not evaluated | Control measures effective in some scenarios |
Analytical observational studies | ||||||||
Conner et al., 2007, Ecol Appl [26] | Colorado | 1996 – 2005 | Mule deer | Sex (m)- and age-specific | Analytical; observational, before-and-after control impact (BACI) | Planned culling (focal culling in hot spots using sharpshooters) | Change in CWD prevalence Cost not evaluated | Control measure not effective |
Mateus-Pinilla et al., 2013, Prev Vet Med [27] | Illinois | 2003 – 2008 | White-tailed deer | Sex (m/f)- and age-specific | Analytical; observational; cohort | Planned culling (government-organized, localized culling, population control permits and nuisance deer removal permits using sharpshooters) | Change in CWD prevalence Cost not evaluated | Control measure effective |
Manjerovic et al., 2014, Prev Vet Med [28] | Wisconsin; Illinois | 2003 – 2012 | White-tailed deer | No | Analytical; observational, cross-sectional | Planned culling (government-organized, localized culling using sharpshooters) | Change in CWD prevalence Cost not evaluated but acknowledged as a need | Control measure effective |
Analytical experimental studiesb | ||||||||
Wolfe et al., 2012 [29] | Colorado; Research Facility | 2003 | Mule deer | ~15Â months at beginning of trial | Analytical; experimental trial; controlled | Oral administration of pentosane polysulfate; tannic acid; tetracycline HCl for prevention of CWD infection | Change in CWD status of individual deer | Control measure not effective |
Pilon et al., 2013 [30] | Colorado; Research Facility | 2007 – 2009 | Mule deer | No | Analytical; experimental trial; controlled | Intramuscular vaccination with two different prion peptide sequences | Change in CWD status of individual deer | Control measure not effective |
Goñi et al., 2015, Vaccine [31] | Colorado; Research Facility | Not reported | White-tailed deer | No | Analytical; experimental trial; controlled | Mucosal immunization with attenuated Salmonella vaccine expressing PrP | Change in CWD status of individual deer and length of incubation period | Efficacy of control measure not clear |