Table 6 Details of number of dogs, 95 % CI affected cases, AED doses and serum levels, treatment period and adverse effects
Studies | AED | No of dogs treated | Prevalence | 95 % CI affected cases | Doses of AEDs | Serum levels of AEDs | Treatment period | Body system affected and adverse effects | Most common adverse effects | Adverse effect type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Schwartz-Porsche et al. 1982 | Prim | 30 | NA | NA | range, 13–100 mg/kg PO SID | range, 6–37 μg/ml | range 6–96 m | Neurological (sedation, hind limb weakness), GI (PP), PU, PD, ClinPath (ALP, SGPT) | sedation, PU, PD | I |
Schwartz-Porsche et al. 1985 | Prim | 20 | NA | NA | range, 17–107 mg/kg PO SID | range, 0.5–58 μg/ml | mean, 14; range, 6.0–35 m | Neurological (sedation, hind limb weakness, ataxia), GI (PP), PD, ClinPath (ALT, ALP, GLDH) | sedation, PU, increased ALT, ALP and GLDH | I |
Farnbach et al. 1984 | Prim | 23 | 4.3 % | −4.0 %–12.6 % | range, 15.2–82 mg/kg PO SID | range, 4.8–70.7 μg/ml | NA | Neurological (sedation, ataxia) | sedation, ataxia | I |
Cunningham et al. 1983 | Prim | 15 | NA | NA | 10.6–39.4 mg/kg PO TID | mean, 2.4 μg/ml | 9 m | Neurological (disorientation, ataxia, hyperactivity, pacing), GI (PP), PU, PD | PU, PD, PP, drowsiness, ataxia | I |
Poffenbarger et al. 1985 | Prim (monotherapy or as an adjunct to PHB) | 3 | NA | NA | Varied | NA | 8–84 m | GI (chronic hepatopathy/toxicity-hepatic chirosis) | chronic hepatopathy/toxicity | I |
Bunch et al. 1987 | Prim | 1 | NA | NA | 13 mg/kg PO BID | NA | 4 d | Neurological (hyperactivity) | NA | I |
Bunch et al. 1984 | Prim | 22 | 93 % | 82.3 %–103.6 % | Prim: 33+/−19 mg/kg PO SID Other AEDs: NA | NA | range, 6–120 m | GI (chronic hepatopathy/toxicity), ClinPath (increased ALP, ALT, AST, γ-GT, bile acids) | chronic hepatoxicity, increased ALP, ALT, AST, bile acids | I |
Bunch et al. 1982 | Prim | 2 | NA | NA | Case 1: 750 mg in total PO BID Case 2: 250 mg in total PO BID | NA | 24 m | GI (chronic hepatopathy/toxicity) | chronic hepatoxicity | I |
EPAR (US field trial) | Prim | 110 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Neurological (ataxia, hyperactivity, anxiety, disorientation), ClinPath (increased enzymes-unclear which) tachypnoea, PD | ataxia, PD, increased liver enzymes | I |
Raw and Gaskell 1985 | Prim | 52 | 35 % | 22.0 %–48.0 % | NA | NA | 48 m | Neurological (ataxia), GI (PP), PD | ataxia, PD, PP | |
Meyer and Noonan 1981 | Prim | 6 | 100 % | 100 % | 30–40 mg/kg PO BID | NA | 3 m | ClinPath (increased ALP, ALT) | increased ALT, ALP | I |
Sturtevant et al. 1977 | Prim | 2 | 100 % | 100 % | 17.6 mg/kg POTID | NA | 1 m | ClinPath (anemia, increased ALP) | increased ALP | I & II |
Jacobs et al. 1998 | Prim | 1 | NA | NA | 25 mg/kg PO BID | NA | 2 m | Blood dyscrasias (neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia), ClinPath (decreased albumin, increased ALP) | NA | II |
Henricks 1987 | Prim | 1 | NA | NA | 62 mg in total PO BID | NA | 2 m | Dermatitis | NA | II |
Balazs et al. 1978 | Prim | 4 | 0 % | 0 % | 40–80 mg/kg PO SID | NA | 1.75 m | No adverse effects | NA | NA |
Bunch et al. 1985 | Prim | 6 | 0 % | 0 % | NA | NA | NA | No adverse effects | NA | NA |