Fig. 6From: Biomechanical evaluation of monosegmental pedicle instrumentation in a calf spine model and the role of fractured vertebrae in screw stabilityThe mean angular ROM of T12–L1 for all loading directions. a. The mean angular ROM of T12–L1 in flexion. b. The mean angular ROM of T12–L1 in extension. c. The mean angular ROM of T12–L1 in lateral bending. d. The mean angular ROM of T12–L1 in axial rotation. Error bars show standard deviation. *: P < 0.05; ROM: range of motion; PF: pedicle fixation; AL: after cyclic loadingBack to article page