Table 5 Landmarks used to maximise consistency of quantitative measurement of limb swelling
Joint | Anatomical landmarks |
|---|---|
Elbow | Circumferential measurement at level of lateral epicondyle and medial epicondyle with elbow in full extension |
Carpus | Circumferential measurement at level of styloid process of radius and styloid process of ulna with carpus in full extension (unless arthrodesis performed) |
Metacarpo-phalangeal | Circumferential measurement at the level of the head of metacarpal five laterally and head of metacarpal two medially with joint held in full extension |
Proximal interphalangeal | Measurement across dorsum of digits extending from head of proximal phalanx five laterally to head of proximal phalanx two medially with joint held in full extension |
Distal interphalangeal | Measurement across dorsum of digits extending from head of middle phalanx five laterally to head of middle phalanx two medially with joint held in full extension |
Stifle | Circumferential measurement at level equidistant between the tibial tuberosity and distal extent of the patella with the stifle held in full extension |
Tarso-crural | Circumferential measurement at level of lateral malleolus of fibula and medial malleolus of tibia with joint held in full extension |
Metatarso-phalangeal | Circumferential measurement at the level of the head of metatarsal five laterally and head of metatarsal two medially with joint held in full extension |
Proximal interphalangeal | Measurement across dorsum of digits extending from head of proximal phalanx five laterally to head of proximal phalanx two medially with joint held in full extension |
Distal interphalangeal | Measurement across dorsum of digits extending from head of middle phalanx five laterally to head of middle phalanx two medially with joint held in full extension |