Table 2 Depicting breed-specific data regarding seizure type and seizure remission

Australian Shepherd

36 % generalised epileptic seizures

20 % cluster seizures

12 %

Weissl et al. 2012 [9]

26 % focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures

12 % status epilepticus

38 % both seizure types

48 % history of both

52 % showed also focal epileptic seizures (in addition to their generalised epileptic seizures or focal

epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures)

Belgian Shepherd

18 % generalised epileptic seizures

n.s.

n.s.

Berendt et al. 2008 [23]

25 % focal

53 % focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures

4 % unclassified

6 % generalised epileptic seizures

n.s.

n.s.

Berendt et al. 2009 [41]

83 % focal epileptic seizures or focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures

11 % unclassified

n.s.

33 % cluster seizures

13.7 %

Gulløv et al. 2012 [37]

18 % generalised epileptic seizures

33 % cluster seizures

n.s.

Seppala et al. 2012 [34]

7 % focal epileptic seizures

37 % focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised epileptic seizures

34 % generalised epileptic seizures with unknown onset

4 % unclassified

Bernese Mountain dog

98 % generalised epileptic seizures

n.s.

n.s.

Kathmann et al. 1999 [45]

2 % focal epileptic seizures

Distinction between (primary) generalised epileptic seizures and focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures was not performed.

Border Collie

8 % generalised epileptic seizures

45 % cluster seizures

18 %

Hülsmeyer et al. 2010 [8]

78 % focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures

4 % status epilepticus

14 % unclassified

49 % history of both

45 % showed also focal epileptic seizures (in addition to their generalised epileptic seizures or focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures)

Border Terrier

68 % generalised epileptic seizures

n.s.

n.s.

Kloene et al. 2008 [56]

32 % focal epileptic seizures

Distinction between (primary) generalised epileptic seizures and focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures was not performed.

Cavalier King Charles

39 % generalised epileptic seizures

n.s.

n.s.

Driver et al. 2013 [59]

36 % focal epileptic seizures

25 % focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures

Collie (rough and smooth)

Predominantly generalised

35 % cluster seizures

n.s.

Munana et al. 2012 [64]

Distinction between (primary) generalised epileptic seizures and focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures was not performed.

Dalmatian

20 % generalised epileptic seizures

63.6 % cluster seizures

n.s.

Licht et al. 2002 [65]

80 % focal epileptic seizures or focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures

English Springer Spaniel

47 % generalised epileptic seizures

38 % cluster seizures

n.s.

Patterson et al. 2005 [74]

33 % focal epileptic seizures

20 % focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures

Finnish Spitz

1 % generalised epileptic seizures

16.2 % cluster seizures

n.s.

Viitmaa et al. 2013 [82]

54 % focal epileptic seizures

31 % focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures

7 % generalised with unknown onset

7 % completely unclassified

Golden Retriever

83 % generalised epileptic seizures

n.s.

n.s.

Lengweiler&Jaggy 1999 [86]

Distinction between (primary) generalised epileptic seizures and focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures was not performed.

92 % generalised epileptic seizures

n.s.

n.s.

Srenk et al. 1994 [84]

Distinction between (primary) generalised epileptic seizures and focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures was not performed.

Hungarian (Magyar) Vizsla

21 % generalised epileptic seizures

n.s.

n.s.

Patterson et al. 2003 [87]

62 % focal epileptic seizures

17 % focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures

Irish Wolfhound

Predominantly generalised epileptic seizures

n.s.

n.s.

Casal et al. 2006 [24]

Distinction between (primary) generalised epileptic seizures and focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures was not performed.

Italian Spinone

23 % generalised epileptic seizures

n.s.

DeRisio et al. 2015 [93]

51 % focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures

26 % generalised epileptic seizures with unknown onset

Labrador Retriever

24 % generalised epileptic seizures

n.s.

n.s.

Berendt et al. 2002 [26]

70 % focal epileptic seizures or focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures

91 % generalised epileptic seizures

n.s.

n.s.

Heynold et al. 1997 [94]

9 % focal epileptic seizures

Distinction between (primary) generalised epileptic seizures and focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures was not performed.

96 % generalised epileptic seizures

n.s.

n.s.

Jaggy et al. 1998 [95]

Distinction between (primary) generalised epileptic seizures and focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures was not performed.

Lagotto Romagnolo

Mainly focal epileptic seizures

n.s.

by 8–13 weeks of age

Jokinen et al. 2007 [105]

Petit Baset Griffon Vendeen

5 % generalised epileptic seizures

n.s.

n.s.

Gulløv et al. 2011 [25]

41 % focal epileptic seizures

52 % focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures

2 % unclassified

Shetland Sheepdog

Predominantly generalised epileptic seizures

n.s.

n.s.

Morita et al. 2002 [109]

Distinction between (primary) generalised epileptic seizures and focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures was not performed.

Standard Poodle

3.5 % generalised epileptic seizures

n.s.

n.s.

Licht et al. 2007 [113]

33 % focal epileptic seizures

60 % focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures

3.5 % generalised epileptic seizures with unknown onset

Predominantly focal epileptic seizures or focal epileptic seizures evolving into generalised seizures

34 % cluster seizures

n.s.

Licht et al. 2002 [65]