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Fig. 4 | BMC Veterinary Research

Fig. 4

From: Immune response of healthy horses to DNA constructs formulated with a cationic lipid transfection reagent

Fig. 4

Tumour necrosis factor alpha. Tumour necrosis factor alpha differences to individual baselines in PBMC supernatants measured by ELISA are plotted for releases (a) in medium only, (b) after LPS stimulation and (c) after PMA/ionomycin stimulation for t0, t12 and t24. Datasets are marked as (group)-(hours post-treatment) at the X-axes. Horizontal bars represent mean and SD. Grey asterisks (*) represent significant differences from baseline in the respective dataset. Asterisks (*) with brackets (┌ ┌) represent significantly different comparisons. The increase of TNFα could be statistically noticed in B (t12, medium and LPS), in C (t12, LPS) and in D (t24, medium and LPS). Treatment effects after LPS stimulation at t12 in C or D were higher than in A. Treatments containing DNA (B – D) induced higher TNFα secretion than transfection reagent alone (A)

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