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Table 1 Salmonella isolates obtained from free-living birds

From: Prevalence and genetic characteristics of Salmonella in free-living birds in Poland

No.

Origin

Type of material

Total amount of tested individuals

Positive samples

(%)

Environmental data */**

1

Mallard duck Anas platyrhynchos

cloacal swabs

121 (d)

8 (6,61)

1/ A

2

Great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo

cloacal swab

77 (d)

8 (10,39)

1/A

3

Velvet scoter Melanitta fusca

cloacal swab

30 (d)

0 (0,00)

7/A

4

Black coot Fulica atra

cloacal swab

7 (d)

0 (0,00)

1/B

5

Mute swan Cygnus olor

feces

27 (a)

0 (0,00)

1,2/A

6

Whooper swan Cygnus cygnus

feces

6 (a)

0 (0,00)

1,2/A

7

Great tit Parus major

feces/tissue

109 (92a/17d)

10 (9,17)

3,4,5,6/B

8

Blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus

feces/tissue

43 (36a/7d)

1(2,32)

3,4,5,6/ C

9

Eurasian tree sparrow Passer montanus

feces/tissue

53 (48a/5d)

2 (3,77)

3,4,5,6/C

10

Redpoll Carduelis cabaret

feces

57 (a)

1(1,75)

6/ A

11

Eurasian siskin Carduelis spinus

feces/tissue

48 (39a/9d)

16 (33,3)

3,4,5,6/ A

12

Common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita

feces

45 (a)

0 (0,00)

5,6/A

13

Bluethroat Luscinia svecica

feces

43 (a)

0 (0,00)

3,4,5,6 /A

14

European robin Erithacus rubecula

feces

36 (a)

0 (0,00)

5,6/ A

15

Common reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus

feces

35 (a)

0 (0,00)

3,4,5,6/

16

Eurasian blackcap Sylvia atricapilla

feces

35 (a)

0 (0,00)

3,4,5,6/B

17

Greenfinch Carduelis chloris

feces/tissue

30 (20a/10d)

10 (33,3)

3,4,5,6/C some populations A

18

Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca

feces

19 (a)

0 (0,00)

6/ A

19

Hedge sparrow Prunella modularis

feces

17 (a)

0 (0,00)

5,6/ B

20

Barn swallow Hirundo rustica

feces

17 (a)

0 (0,00)

3,4,5,6/A

21

Common starling Sturnus vulgaris

feces/tissue

16 (13a/3d)

3 (18,75)

3,4,5,6

22

Eurasian reed warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus

feces

15 (a)

0 (0,0)

5,6/A

23

Fieldfare Turdus pilaris

feces

13(a)

0 (0,0)

5,6/A

24

Yellow wagtail Motacilla flava

feces

13 (a)

0 (0,0)

3,4,5,6/ A

25

Blackbird Turdus melura

feces/tissue

11 (10a/1d)

1 (9,09)

3,4,5,6/B

26

Common chaffinch Fringilla coelebs

feces

9(a)

0 (0,00)

3,4,5,6/B

27

Whitethroat Sylvia borin

feces

9 (a)

0 (0,00)

5,6/A

28

Yellow- hammer Emberiza citrinella

feces

7 (a)

0 (0,00)

3,4,5,6/B

29

Lesser whitethroat Sylvia curruca

feces

7 (a)

0 (0,00)

5,6/A

30

Long-tailed tits Aegithalos caudatus

feces

6 (a)

0 (0,00)

6/B

31

Hooded crow Corvus cornix

tissue

6 (d)

0 (0,00)

2/B

32

Rook Corvus frugilegus

feces/tissue

6 (3a/3d)

1 (16,66)

2/A

33

Common wood pigeon Columba palumbus

feces/tissue

6 (2a/4d)

1 (16,67)

2/A

34

Common swift Apus apus

feces/tissue

5 (4a/1d)

1 (20,00)

3,4,5,6/A

35

Willow worbler Phylloscopus trochilus

feces

5(a)

0 (0,00)

6/A

36

Willow tit Poecile montanus

feces

5 (a)

0 (0,00)

3,4,5,6/ B

37

Eurasian marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus

feces

1(a)

1 (100,00)

8/A

38

Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus

feces

1(a)

0 (0,00)

8/B

39

Common buzzard Buteo buteo

feces

1 (a)

0 (0,00)

9/B

40

Golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos

feces

3(a)

0 (0,00)

9/C

  1. d, dead individuals; a, alive individuals;
  2. The boldfaces indicate the species of birds with the highest amount (percent) of positive samples.
  3. *Locations of sample collection:
  4. 1. Lakes of the Lower Silesia region (southern Poland).
  5. 2. Parks of Wrocław (southern Poland).
  6. 3. Bird feeders in Wrocław city center (southern Poland).
  7. 4. Bird feeders in the suburbs of Wrocław (southern Poland).
  8. 5. Rakutowskie Lake of Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (middle Poland).
  9. 6. Sudetic Mountains (southern Poland).
  10. 7. Baltic coast (northern Poland).
  11. 8. Wildlife rescue center in Lower Silesia (southern Poland).
  12. 9. Wildlife rescue center in Greater Poland (middle Poland).
  13. **Lifestyles of birds: A, migratory bird; B, partially migratory bird; C, resident.