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Table 8 Details of numbers of dogs, pre- and post- treatment seizure frequency, period of treatment, doses of AED(s), seizure frequency reduction/response after the initiation of treatment and efficacy statements for each study

From: Treatment in canine epilepsy – a systematic review

References

Nafe et al.[25]

Govendir et al.[21]

Platt et al.[22]

AED evaluated

Sodium Valproate

Gabapentin

2 nd AED

PB (11 dogs)

Primidone (6 dogs)

PB (24 dogs)

-

PB (17 dogs)

PB (11 dogs)

3 rd AED

Phenytoin (11 dogs)

-

-

-

PBr (16 dogs)

PBr (11 dogs)

4 th AED

-

-

-

-

-

-

No of dogs

11

6

24

16

17

11

Period of treatment (months)

mean, 4.9; range, 1-8

 

4

3

Dose of AED(s) (mg/kg)

range 25–40 PO SID (PB and Phenytoin doses were not reported)

range, 30–45 PO SID; Primidone: NA

range, 30–110 PO SID; PB: NA

range, 25–105 PO SID

median, 35; range, 32–40 PO SID; PB: median, 8; range, 6–12 PO SID; PBr: median, 24; range, 14–30 PO SID

mean, 10.9; 9.3-13.6 PO TID; PB and PBr: NA but were within normal reference values based on the serum levels

Pre-treatment SF (seizures/month)

mean, 2.7 (period was not recorded)

median, 2; range, 1–4 (recorded over a period of median 1.5 years)

median, 6; 2–140 (recorded over a period of 3 m)

Post-treatment SF (seizures/month)

NA

median, 1; range, 0.5-3

median, 2; range, 0-4

No of dogs that were failures

4/11 (36%)

3/6 (50%)

8/24 (34%)

9/16 (56%)

6/17 (35%)

1/11 (9%)

No of dogs with >0% - <50% reduction in SF

1/11 (9%)

2/6 (33%)

2/24 (8%)

7/16 (44%)

1/17 (6%)

4/11 (36%)

No of dogs with ≥50% - <100% reduction in SF

6/11 (55%)

1/6 (17%)

14/24 (58%)

7/16 (44%)

7/17 (42%)

6/11 (55%)

No of dogs with 100% reduction in SF

-

-

-

-

3/17 (17%)

-

No of dogs with >30% reduction in SF

6/11 (55%)

1/6 (17%)

14/24 (58%)

7/16 (44%)

10/17 (59%)

9/11 (82%)

95% CI successfully treated cases

30% - 84%

−13% - 47%

38% - 78%

20% - 68%

36% - 82%

26% - 84%

Overall evidence for/against recommending the use of an AED

Insufficient evidence for recommending the use of sodium valproate either as a monotherapy or an adjunct AED.

Insufficient evidence for recommending the use of gabapentin as an adjunct AED.

  1. AED(s), anti-epileptic drug(s); BID, bis in die (twice daily); Chloraz, Chlorazepate; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; CL, confidence level; Diaz, Diazepam; Gaba, Gabapentin; IE, idiopathic epilepsy; LEV, Levetiracetam; m, month(s); NA, Not Available; PB, phenobarbital; PBr, potassium bromide; PO, per os; SF, seizure frequency; SID, semel in die (once daily); TID, ter in die (three times daily); TPM, Topiramate; w, week(s).