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Table 3 Details of numbers of dogs, pre- and post- treatment seizure frequency, period of treatment, doses of AED(s), seizure frequency reduction/response after the initiation of treatment and efficacy statements for each study

From: Treatment in canine epilepsy – a systematic review

References

Boothe et al.[11]

Schwartz-Porsche et al.[15]

Löscher et al.[26]Rieck et al.[27]

Morton et al.[31]

Heynold et al.[36]

Tipold et al.[14]

AED evaluated

   

Phenobarbital

  

2 nd AED

-

-

-

-

-

-

3 rd AED

-

-

-

-

-

-

4 th AED

-

-

-

-

-

-

No of dogs

20

15

44

7

37

After exclusion: 88

      

Before exclusion: 102

Period of treatment (months)

approx. 6

mean 15; range 7.3-32

mean 5.9 +/−0.4

Unclear

mean 50.4; range 8-18

5

Dose of AED(s) (mg/kg)

mean 4.11; range 3.9-4.9 PO BID

Range 5–17 PO SID

mean 6; range 4–13 PO SID

median 180; mean 283; range 60–900 PO SID

mean 2.5 PO BID

2-6 PO BID

Pre-treatment SF (seizures/month)

mean 4.4 +/− 6.3 (recorded over a period of at least 6 weeks)

NA

mean 1.71 (recorded over a period of 9 m)

median 12; mean 14.3; range 4–28 (period not reported)

mean 8 seizures in total (period not reported)

2.4

Post-treatment SF (seizures/month)

mean 0.4 +/− 0.9

NA

mean 0.59

median 1; mean 1; range 0-4

mean 0.9

1.1

No of dogs that were failures

-

3/15 (20%)

12/44 (27%)

1/7 (14%)

10/37 (27%)

-

No of dogs with >0% - <50% reduction in SF

2/20 (10%)

-

-

3/7 (43%)

-

-

No of dogs with ≥50% - <100% reduction in SF

1/20 (5%)

6/15 (40%)

28/44 (64%)

-

16/37 (43%)

After exclusion: 22/88 (25%)

      

Before exclusion: 25/102 (24%)

No of dogs with 100% reduction in SF

17/20 (85%)

6/15 (40%)

9/44 (20%)

3/7 (43%)

11/37 (30%)

After exclusion: 51/88 (51%)

      

Before exclusion: 56/102 (55%)

No of dogs with >30% reduction in SF

-

12/15 (80%)

37/44 (84%)

4/7 (57%)

27/37 (73%)

-

95% CI successfully treated cases

77% - 100%

60% - 100%

73% - 95%

6% - 80%

59% - 87%

After exclusion: 75% - 91%

      

Before exclusion: 71% - 87%

Overall evidence for/against recommending the use of an AED

Good evidence for recommending the use of phenobarbital as a monotherapy AED.

  1. AED(s), anti-epileptic drug(s); BID, bis in die (twice daily); Chloraz, Chlorazepate; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; CL, confidence level; Diaz, Diazepam; Gaba, Gabapentin; IE, idiopathic epilepsy; LEV, Levetiracetam; m, month(s); NA, Not Available; PB, phenobarbital; PBr, potassium bromide; PO, per os; SF, seizure frequency; SID, semel in die (once daily); TID, ter in die (three times daily); TPM, Topiramate; w, week(s).
  2. The evaluated AED is the one whose efficacy was assessed. This AED was administered and evaluated either as a monotherapy agent in previously untreated animals or as a monotherapy after an alteration in its dose or as a new AED in previously treated, with other AED(s), animals.