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Table 2 Biochemical and immunological compositions of bovine nasal secretion (n = 38)

From: Alkaline phosphatase in nasal secretion of cattle: biochemical and molecular characterisation

Analytes(unit)

Median(Range)

Reference range(Bovine serum)a

Urea (mmol/L)

3.1 (1.8 - 6.1)

0 - 8

Calcium (mmol/L)

1.1 (0.6 - 1.4)

2.2 - 3.3

Phosphate (mmol/L)

0.8 (0.4 - 1.6)

1.1 - 2.8

Creatinine (μmol/L)

30 (5 - 61)

53 - 132

Total bilirubin (μmol/L)

0 (0 - 2)

0 - 8

Total protein (g/L)

14 (9 - 34)

52 - 84

Albumin (g/L)

3 (0 - 5)

21 - 34

Sodium (mmol/L)

60 (18 - 98)

135 - 151

Potassium (mmol/L)

2.4 (0.6 - 3.9)

3.2 - 5.8

Chloride (mmol/L)

19 (14 - 34)

96 - 111

Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L)

1155 (144 - 2392)

20 - 80

Aspartate transaminase (IU/L)

97 (50 - 184)

10 - 140

Gamma-glutamyltransferase (IU/L)

68 (28 - 109)

0 - 27

IgA (g/L)

1.2 (0.5 - 2.0)

1.8 - 3.9b

IgG (g/L)

0.5 (0.2 - 1.9)

0.1 - 0.7c

  1. aLaboratory reference range for bovine serum; bMorgan et al., [19]; cDuncan et al., [20].