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Figure 1 | BMC Veterinary Research

Figure 1

From: Validation of the UNESP-Botucatu unidimensional composite pain scale for assessing postoperative pain in cattle

Figure 1

Characteristic signs of pain in cattle after orchiectomy. A - Head below the line of spinal column; B - Hind limbs extended caudally when in standing posture; C - Moves and arches the back when in standing; D - Kicking/foot stamping; E - Licking the surgical wound; F - Lying down in ventral recumbency with full or partial extension of one or both hind limbs.

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BMC Veterinary Research

ISSN: 1746-6148

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