Feeding a high-concentrate corn straw diet increased the release of endotoxin in the rumen and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the mammary gland of dairy cows

Table 1 Diet composition of the experimental diets

Item	Diet
Item	LCF	HCS	LCS
Ingredient (% of dry matter)
Chinese wildrye	3.7	-	-
Corn silage	26.7	-	-
Alfalfa hay	23.4	-	-
Corn straw	-	35.0	53.8
Corn	24.6	35.26	24.6
Soybean meal	14.8	20.82	14.8
Whole cottonseed	5.1	7.18	5.1
Dicalcium phosphate	0.6	0.84	0.6
Salt	0.5	0.5	0.5
Premix¹	0.6	0.6	0.6
Total	100	100	100
Concentrate to roughage ratio	46:54	65: 35	46:54
Nutrient composition (% of dry matter)
Net energy (Mcal/kg)	1.50	1.54	1.40
Crude protein	16.8	16.9	13.9
Neutral detergent fiber	37.6	34.4	46.0
Acid detergent fiber	23.9	19.9	26.7
Non-fiber carbohydrate²	37.0	41.3	32.6
Ether extract	3.4	3.2	2.5
Calcium	0.50	0.45	0.42
Phosphorus	0.38	0.41	0.35

¹Contained Cu (as sulfate), 2,142 mg/kg; Mn (as sulfate), 15,428 mg/kg; Zn (as sulfate), 15,428 mg/kg; Co (as chloride), 28 mg/kg; I (as iodate), 231 mg/kg; Se (as selenite), 57 mg/kg; vitamin A, 2,285,000 IU/kg; vitamin D, 457,000 IU/kg; and vitamin E, 11,400 mg/kg.
²Non-fiber carbohydrate = 100 – (% Neutral detergent fiber +% Crude protein +% Ether extract +% Ash).

ISSN: 1746-6148