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Table 3 Mean (±SD) plasma glucose, lactate, total plasma protein concentration (TPP) and temperature (T°C) in mares undergoing intravenous anesthesia with xylazine, guaifenesin and ketamine, combined with a high dose of lidocaine (THL), low dose of lidocaine (TLL) or saline infusion (TS)

From: Cardiorespiratory and antinociceptive effects of two different doses of lidocaine administered to horses during a constant intravenous infusion of xylazine and ketamine

Parameter

Treat1

Time (minutes)

  

T0

T5

T15

T30

T45

T60

T75

Glucose (mg/dL)

Mean of treatments

103 ± 10

139 ± 22*

178 ± 39*

213 ± 42*

240 ± 44*

255 ± 50*

266 ± 55*

Lactate (mmol/L)

Mean of treatments

0.80 ± 0.25

1.37 ± 0.39*

1.51 ± 0.39*

1.62 ± 0.40*

1.70 ± 0.41*

1.73 ± 0.45*

1.76 ± 0.50*

TPP (g/dL)

Mean of treatments

7.2 ± 0.6

6.9 ± 0.5*

6.8 ± 0.5*

6.7 ± 0.6*

6.7 ± 0.5*

6.7 ± 0.5*

6.8 ± 0.6*

T°C (°C)

Mean of treatments

37.9 ± 0.4

37.9 ± 0.4

37.9 ± 0.4

37.5 ± 0.4

37.3 ± 0.4*

37.2 ± 0.5*

37.0 ± 0.5*

  1. 1- Treat = Treatment; * - statistical difference from the time 0 or baseline value (row) (P < 0.05). For all means n = 18; T5 and T15–5 and 15 minutes after induction of anaesthesia with xylazine, guaifenesin and ketamine respectively (and maintenance with xylazine and ketamine); T30, T60, T75–15, 45 and 60 minutes after lidocaine or saline infusion (data from the three groups were grouped).