Skip to main content

Table 2 Mean (±SD) heart rate (HR), systolic, medium and diastolic arterial pressures (SAP, MAP and DAP), PaO 2 , PaCO 2 , respiratory rate (RR), pH and base excess (BE) in mares undergoing intravenous anesthesia with xylazine, guaifenesin and ketamine, combined with a high dose of lidocaine (THL), low dose of lidocaine (TLL) or saline infusion (TS) (n = 6)

From: Cardiorespiratory and antinociceptive effects of two different doses of lidocaine administered to horses during a constant intravenous infusion of xylazine and ketamine

Parameter

Treat1

Time (minutes)

  

T0

T5

T15

T20

T30

T45

T60

T75

HR (bpm)

THL

41 ± 5

35 ± 3*

33 ± 3*

39 ± 8

37 ± 4a

36 ± 5

36 ± 5

37 ± 5

 

TLL

39 ± 5

35 ± 3*

34 ± 3*

34 ± 2*

34 ± 3*b

34 ± 3*

35 ± 3*

35 ± 3*

 

TS

42 ± 4

35 ± 4*

32 ± 2*

33 ± 2*

32 ± 3*b

34 ± 4*

34 ± 4*

33 ± 4*

SAP (mmHg)

THL

-

138 ± 23

154 ± 23*

155 ± 17*

158 ± 18*

176 ± 21*

179 ± 20*

175 ± 11*a

 

TLL

-

141 ± 26

160 ± 28*

163 ± 29*

168 ± 28*

177 ± 30*

173 ± 22*

175 ± 19*a

 

TS

-

142 ± 24

168 ± 40*

181 ± 42*

191 ± 43*

190 ± 34*

191 ± 26*

196 ± 24*b

MAP (mmHg)

THL

-

109 ± 17

120 ± 22*

123 ± 15*

125 ± 14*

139 ± 12*

146 ± 13*

146 ± 13*

 

TLL

-

113 ± 19

126 ± 22*

129 ± 24*

132 ± 22*

139 ± 21*

140 ± 17*

144 ± 16*

 

TS

-

109 ± 19

132 ± 32*

142 ± 32*

147 ± 32*

143 ± 21*

146 ± 16*

147 ± 14*

DAP (mmHg)

THL

-

92 ± 15

101 ± 21

105 ± 14*

108 ± 11*

118 ± 10*

124 ± 12*

128 ± 17*

 

TLL

-

96 ± 14

106 ± 18*

110 ± 20*

113 ± 19*

117 ± 17*

120 ± 16*

124 ± 19*

 

TS

-

92 ± 17

113 ± 27*

120 ± 27*

123 ± 27*

119 ± 17*

121 ± 14*

121 ± 12*

PaO2 (mmHg)

THL

99 ± 8

266 ± 69*

294 ± 74*

-

262 ± 81*

262 ± 95*

261 ± 115*

251 ± 102*

 

TLL

92 ± 3

315 ± 58*

319 ± 71*

-

305 ± 63*

305 ± 67*

291 ± 74*

290 ± 74*

 

TS

93 ± 4

256 ± 67*

287 ± 62*

-

269 ± 61*

277 ± 70*

284 ± 70*

283 ± 75*

PaCO2 (mmHg)

THL

41 ± 5

55 ± 6*

51 ± 5*

-

59 ± 5*a

55 ± 5*

57. ± 5*a

56 ± 5*

 

TLL

44 ± 3

52 ± 3*

53 ± 5*

-

53 ± 4*b

52 ± 4*

53 ± 3*b

54 ± 3*

 

TS

43 ± 3

52 ± 5*

53 ± 5*

-

53 ± 6*b

52 ± 6*

53 ± 5*b

53 ± 6*

RR (mpm)

THL

20 ± 7

8 ± 3*

10 ± 3*

11 ± 5*

8 ± 2*a

9 ± 2*

10 ± 3*

10 ± 3*a

 

TLL

21 ± 4

8 ± 2*

10 ± 3*

9 ± 1*

10 ± 3*b

11 ± 2*

11 ± 2*

13 ± 4*ab

 

TS

24 ± 7

9 ± 2*

8 ± 2*

10 ± 2*

11 ± 3*b

14 ± 9*

17 ± 9*

16 ± 6*b

pH

THL

7.40 ± 0.03

7.34 ± 0.03*

7.36 ± 0.02*

-

7.32 ± 0.02*a

7.35 ± 0.02*

7.36 ± 0.02*

7.36 ± 0.03*

 

TLL

7.42 ± 0.01

7.36 ± 0.01*

7.36 ± 0.03*

-

7.35 ± 0.03*b

7.37 ± 0.03*

7.38 ± 0.02*

7.37 ± 0.02*

 

TS

7.42 ± 0.03

7.35 ± 0.03*

7.36 ± 0.03*

-

7.37 ± 0.04*b

7.38 ± 0.05*

7.38 ± 0.04*

7.39 ± 0.04*

BE (mmol/L)

THL

1.5 ± 1.7

2.3 ± 1.8

2.3 ± 2.3

-

2.3 ± 2.4

3.6 ± 3.1

4.9 ± 2.1*

4.6 ± 1.9*

 

TLL

3.0 ± 1.5

2.0 ± 1.0

2.9 ± 0.9

-

2.4 ± 1.3

3.0 ± 0.9

4.4 ± 0.4*

4.8 ± 1.1*

 

TS

2.7 ± 1.8

2.0 ± 1.4

3.2 ± 1.0

-

3.8 ± 1.1*

4.0 ± 1.5*

4.7 ± 1.2*

5.2 ± 0.7*

  1. 1- Treat = Treatment; * - statistical difference from the time 0 or baseline value (row) (P < 0.05); different superscript letters indicate difference between treatments at each time point (column) (P < 0.05). For all means n = 6; T5 and T15–5 and 15 minutes after induction of anesthesia with xylazine, guaifenesin and ketamine respectively (and maintenance with xylazine and ketamine); T20, T30, T60, T75 and T80–5, 15, 45 and 60 minutes after high lidocaine dose (THL), low lidocaine dose (TLL) or saline infusion (TS) respectively.