Farm factors | Farmer’s age, gender, education level, main occupation, herd size, land size |
Management factors | Tick control, worm control, trypanosome control, vaccine use, grazing practices, watering practices, housing |
Maternal status | Heart girth measurement, body condition score, suckling, health condition, dam antibody titres against Theileria parva, Theileria mutans, Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina |
Environmental variables | Normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), farm altitude (elevation) |
Calf factors | Calf sex, birth weight, heterozygosity, European introgression, clinical episodes, total serum protein, packed cell volume, white blood cell counts |
Infectious factors | Protozoan: Theileria parva, Theileria mutans, Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, Trypanosoma spp., Coccidia spp. Helminths: Calicophoron spp., Cooperia spp., Dictyocaulus viviparous, Fasciola spp., Haemonchus placei., Moniezia spp., Microfilaria spp., Nematodirus spp., Oesophagostomum radiatum, Toxocara vitulorum, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichuris spp., Strongyloides eggs, Strongyle eggs. Fungi: Trichophyton spp. |