Skip to main content

Table 3 Prognostic factors significantly associated with overall survival

From: Identification of prognostic factors in canine mammary malignant tumours: a multivariable survival study

Variable

Univariate

Multivariable*

 

Hazard ratio

95% CI

P

Hazard ratio

95% CI

P

Tumour size

      

< 3 cm

Referent

     

≥ 3 cm

2.79

1.16-6.68

0.022

  

NS

Mode of growth

      

Expansive

Referent

     

Invasive

4.63

1.08-19.85

0.039

  

NS

Histological type

      

Complex carcinomas

Referent

     

Simple carcinomas

2.75

0.62-12.17

NS

   

Others

6.48

1.34-31.22

0.020

  

NS

Histological grade

      

I + II

Referent

     

III

2.52

1.09-5.82

0.031

  

NS

MIB1 L.I. (%)

      

< 40

Referent

  

Referent

  

≥ 40

4.60

1.79-11.85

0.002

4.06

1.56-10.58

0.004

uPA (%)

      

< 10

Referent

     

≥ 10

5.28

1.23-22.60

0.025

  

NS

MMP-9 (%)

      

< 50

Referent

  

Referent

  

≥ 50

4.21

1.76-1.09

0.001

3.67

1.52-8.89

0.004

  1. * Cox proportional hazard model: forward stepwise method – likelihood ratio.
  2. NS – not significant.