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Table 1 Clinical findings in 461 cows with caecal dilation

From: Clinical findings and treatment in cattle with caecal dilatation

Variable

Finding

Number of cows

(Mean ± sd; Median, minimum, maximum)

[P value from Wilk-Shapiro test]

Heart rate (n = 461)

Normal (60 – 80)

322

(72, 42, 160 bpm)

Bradycardia (42 – 59)

26

[0.001]

Tachycardia (81 – 160)

113

Respiratory rate (n = 461)

Normal (15 – 25)

254

(24, 12, 108 breaths per minute

Decreased (12 – 14)

6

[0.000]

Increased (26 – 108)

201

Rectal temperature (n = 457)

Normal (38.5 – 39.0)

229

(38.7 ± 0.6 °C)

Decreased (36.5 – 38.5)

115

[0.936]

Increased (39.1 – 40.4)

113

Not measurable (pneumorectum)

4

Rumen motility (n = 461)

Normal

87

Decreased

260

Absent

101

Increased

13

Foreign body tests (n = 445)

All tests negative

354

Back grip positive1

42

Pole test positive1

19

Percussion of the reticulum positive1

7

Two or three tests positive

23

Swinging and percussion auscultation on the right side (n = 461)

Both negative (normal)

80

Both positive

272

Only swinging auscultation positive

72

Only percussion auscultation positive

37

Rectal findings (n = 461)

Caudal displacement of the caecum

291

Torsion of the caecum

20

Retroflexion of the caecum

94

Caecum not palpable

56

  1. 1 Elicited a grunt in at least 3 of 4 tests.