From: Clinical findings and treatment in cattle with caecal dilatation
Variable | Finding | Number of cows |
---|---|---|
(Mean ± sd; Median, minimum, maximum) | ||
[P value from Wilk-Shapiro test] | ||
Heart rate (n = 461) | Normal (60 – 80) | 322 |
(72, 42, 160 bpm) | Bradycardia (42 – 59) | 26 |
[0.001] | Tachycardia (81 – 160) | 113 |
Respiratory rate (n = 461) | Normal (15 – 25) | 254 |
(24, 12, 108 breaths per minute | Decreased (12 – 14) | 6 |
[0.000] | Increased (26 – 108) | 201 |
Rectal temperature (n = 457) | Normal (38.5 – 39.0) | 229 |
(38.7 ± 0.6 °C) | Decreased (36.5 – 38.5) | 115 |
[0.936] | Increased (39.1 – 40.4) | 113 |
Not measurable (pneumorectum) | 4 | |
Rumen motility (n = 461) | Normal | 87 |
Decreased | 260 | |
Absent | 101 | |
Increased | 13 | |
Foreign body tests (n = 445) | All tests negative | 354 |
Back grip positive1 | 42 | |
Pole test positive1 | 19 | |
Percussion of the reticulum positive1 | 7 | |
Two or three tests positive | 23 | |
Swinging and percussion auscultation on the right side (n = 461) | Both negative (normal) | 80 |
Both positive | 272 | |
Only swinging auscultation positive | 72 | |
Only percussion auscultation positive | 37 | |
Rectal findings (n = 461) | Caudal displacement of the caecum | 291 |
Torsion of the caecum | 20 | |
Retroflexion of the caecum | 94 | |
Caecum not palpable | 56 |