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Table 4 Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression model of factors associated with dog ownership in Tanzania, with study site as a random effect (n = 1,471)

From: A cross-sectional study of factors associated with dog ownership in Tanzania

Variable

Coefficient

Standard error

p-value*

Odds ratio (OR)

95% confidence interval

Adult gender composition

  

< 0.001

  

No adult male occupant

   

1 (REF)

 

Female head; adult male occupant/s

0.64

0.402

0.12

1.90

0.87–4.18

Male head

1.26

0.366

<0.001

3.52

1.72–7.20

Household socio-demographic type

  

< 0.001

  

Type 1

   

1 (REF)

 

Type 2

0.38

0.311

0.22

1.46

0.79–2.69

Type 3

0.21

0.279

0.45

1.24

0.72–2.13

Type 4

1.01

0.302

<0.001

2.75

1.52–4.98

Type 5

1.12

0.278

<0.001

3.08

1.78–5.32

Ownership of poultry

  

< 0.001

  

No

   

1 (REF)

 

Yes

0.69

0.194

< 0.001

1.99

1.36–2.91

Ownership of cat/s

  

0.01

  

No

   

1 (REF)

 

Yes

0.68

0.265

0.01

1.97

1.18–3.32

Ownership of livestock

     

No

   

1 (REF)

 

Yes

0.75

0.417

0.01

2.11

1.20–3.73

Religion of head of household

     

Christian

   

1 (REF)

 

Muslim

-1.23

0.208

< 0.001

0.29

0.19–0.44

Interaction between livestock ownership and religion

1.11

0.445

0.02

3.02

1.26–7.23

Intercept

-3.38

0.417

   
  1. *Bolded p-values are likelihood ratio test p-values and unbolded p-values are Wald test p-values.